BIO 100 Practice Questions with Verified Solutions

BIO 100 Practice Questions with Verified Solutions **What does the mass number represent?** It represents the total number of protons and neutrons in an isotope. **Where does the mitotic spindle attach to chromosomes?** It attaches at the centromere. **What type of solution is ideal for plant cells?** Hypotonic solution. **What makes up a nucleotide?** A nucleotide consists of a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base. **How many ATP molecules are produced during fermentation?** 2 ATP molecules. **Which virus specifically targets bacteria?** Bacteriophage. **Which mutation type leads to an early stop codon?** Nonsense mutation. **Which pigment does not directly participate in light reactions?** Chlorophyll b. **What is the role of lysosomes in a cell?** Lysosomes digest food and break down harmful molecules. **What is required for a normal cell to turn cancerous?** Genetic mutations leading to uncontrolled cell growth. **What protein structure level includes an alpha helix?** Secondary structure. **Which plants use carbon dioxide from the air for the Calvin Cycle?** C3 plants. **Which is not a product of the light reactions of photosynthesis?** Carbon dioxide. **Which cells do not undergo mitosis?** Sex cells (gametes). **How many ATP molecules are generated in cellular respiration?** 36 ATP molecules. **What is a macromolecule?** A large molecule made up of many atoms, such as proteins, nucleic acids, or synthetic polymers. **What is the correct order of the biological hierarchy?**