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Amazon Rainforest Case Study Summary for Water and Carbon A-level Geography AQA £7.16
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Amazon Rainforest Case Study Summary for Water and Carbon A-level Geography AQA
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this document is a summary of all the key details, facts and figures that should be learnt or understood for the Amazon Rainforest Case Study in AQA Geography A-level. This document would aid any task/revision on the Amazon Rainforest and use should not be restricted to AQA Geography, other exam bo...

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  • July 5, 2024
  • 6
  • 2023/2024
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Amazon rainforest case study

Location and basics.
World’s largest rainforest
Central northern south America
5.5 million kilometres squared across 9 countries e.g. Brazil, Bolivia,
Ecuador

Climate
Temperatures peak in sept- nov (27.5 degrees)
Rainfall peaks in march-April, lowest in aug and sept (around 100 mm
when temps are high)
Temp and rainfall follow a pattern opposite to each other


Fauna/flora
300bn trees
15,000 species
Soil contains 4-9kg of carbon in the upper 50 cm
Fertile soil
Animals e.g. toucan, tree frog, spider monkey, green anaconda, piranha
Deforestation has ecological consquences  lack of trees, affect fish who
eat fallen fruit.

Water cycle basics
2,300 mm of rain annually
Northwest basin can receive up to 6000 mm
75% of all rain is intercepted and re-evaporated
Around 30% reaches the ground
48% falls again as rain
Of water which reaches the ground  50% infiltrates into soil and 50% is
used by plants
Shallow buttress roots because nutrients are quicjly recycled and trees
don’t have to search for moisture



Carbon cycle basics
Stores 1/5 of all carbon – 50% in biomass and 50% in soil
Wood is about 50% carbon
80-120 bn tonns of carbon in amazon
Carbon fixing (change of carbon from atmospheric to biosphere) is very
quick in rainforests, second only to coral reefs.


Deforestation – causes and impacts

Causes:
HEP – tucuri dam

, Road construction – Trans-Amazon Highway
Mining – Carajas
Farming – soya, cattle account for 80% of deforestation in Brazil
Settlement growth – Manaus
Logging -japan’s demand for hardwood grown in Amazonia has risen to 11
million m cubed a year.

Impacts of human activities/ deforestation
Social Economic Environmental
More jobs – better Income – atleast Chemicals from mining
quality of life (links to 50,000 people are
all human activity) employed in gold Eventual loss of
mining in peru resources
Conflict – in 2009 over
30 Peru natives were National economy – in Climate change
killed in riots over 2008 Brazil made over
rainforest destruction $6.9bn from cattle Leads to increase in
trading temps – kills more
Traditional livelihoods trees
destroyed e.g. rubber
tappers More flash floods



Factors that impact change on the water cycle

River discharge changes – changes in precipitation, change in river
sediment

Deforestation – changed evaporation rates, reduces cloud cover and rain.

Veg change – 3.6 million hectares destroyed annually, change can be from
deforestation or cc, soil washed away- harder for plants to grow.

Climate change – expecting a 2-3 degrees increase by 2050, there will be
a 20-40% loss of rainforest in next 100 years if temps increase by 2
degrees. Positive feedback – less rain  less plants  less evap  less
rain

River regimes – seasonal discharge changes, reducing precipitation means
lower discharge

Soil – exposed soils

Changes in carbon cycle
Deforestation . albedo affect, reduced ps
Slash and burn – deforestation impacts, rapid return of carbon to
atmosphere. Farmers originally used the ash as a fertiliser but the area
quickly loses fertility.

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