Western Civilization Final Exam Straighterline

Western Civilization Final Exam Straighterline Socrates was concerned that the young men of Athens examine their lives in pursuit of: - Morality and Ethical Behavior The period of Greek colonization from 750 to 550 B.C. - Helped to spread Greek culture throughout the Mediterranean. Sparta's mixed constitution included: - kings, an oligarchic council, and public assembly The Roman constitution was: - a set of procedures and customs The major accomplishments of the Assyrians was: - the political unification of the ancient Near East. Classical Greek tragedians derived most of their plots from: - Greek Mythology The Egyptian concepts of maat: - asserts that a kind of cosmic harmonizing places all things in the right relationship. In the large kingdoms that followed the break-up of Alexander's empire, : - All These Answers are Correct The greatest feats of engineering in the ancient world, the pyramids, were built approximately: - between 2600 and 2400 B.C. The Peloponnesian War was fought from: - 431 to 404 B.C. The Epicureans advocated: - Withdrawal from the pain and disappointment of the world Greek Women were: - Restricted both sexually and socially in comparison to men People turned from hunting and gathering to food producing around : - 11,000 B.C. Following the death of Alexander the Great in 323 B.C., the Near East was influenced by Greek culture in a process we call: - Hellenization In the Punic Wars, Rome defeated: - Carthage The basic means of livelihood for citizens of the Greek city state was: - agriculture Polybius believed that Rome's successes stemmed from: - its constitution and mixed government The Assyrians successfully administered their empires through the following methods EXCEPT: - ART Alexander's imperial ambitions were: - the product of his courage, leadership, and strategy Which of the following languages are descended from the Indo- European language? - All these answers are correct Which of the following is NOT true? Caesar gained popularity by defending the rights of: - slaves The Greek Dark Age was followed by: - a sudden flowering of artistic and literary genius Around 650 B.C., Greek poets: - began to treat themes centered on personal experiences Which of the following is Not correct? Augustus legislation in favor of the Roman family was designed to: - curb population growth Expansion into the eastern Mediterranean : - did all of these: brought the Greeks under Roman control; triggered policies of accommodation in Pergamum, and inadvertetly led to the decline of the Republic. What is the most enduring accomplishment of the reign of Justinian the Great? - the systematic codification of Roman law The Doctrine of Petrine Succession requires that: - the Apostle Peter was endowed by Jesus Christ with supreme responsibility of the Roman Church that the pope was the successor to Peter. Who or what's translation of the Bible became the standard in Western Europe during the Middle Ages? - Vulgate Islam expanded rapidly in part because - their toleration for People of the Book Which of the following Germanic tribes became known as a chief defender of the Western Church? - Franks Which factors did NOT contribute to the disintegration of Roman control in Western Europe? - Local elites undermined the policies of the imperial administration One of the principle reasons for the Viking out- migrations from Scandinavia was: - arable land could not support the population expansion During the period of the Pax Romana, - deforestation and over- grazing may have harmed the Italian economy Christianity became the only religion tolerated in the Roman Empire by approximately : - 400 A.D. Many of the German tribes practiced what religion before converting to Roman Christianity? - Arian Christianity The position of women in Islamic society depended very much on: - her social class and when she lived The Roman legal system: - did all of these: distinguished between citizens and non- citizens; allowed subjects of the Empire to maintain their own customs; and served as a model for many subsequent law codes in Western Europe Hagia Sophia (Holy Wisdom) refers to: - a large church in Constantinople The three unifying elements that allowed the Roman Empire to survive and work were: - the emperor, the army, and civil servants and town councils, Which characteristics best describes the Germanic tribes? - They belonged to the same linguistic group The Umayyads were: - caliphs who were the first line of hereditary rulers of the Arab empire Which best describes Roman literature during the centuries of the Pax Romana? - It frequently used Greek words as models The group of kings responsible for weakening the kingdom of Clovis are known as : - the Later Merovingians The result of Leo III's policy of iconoclam was: - a widening gulf between Latin Christianity and Greek Christianity At a conference held in Milan in 313 A.D., Constantine : - extended freedom of worship to Christians and ended the age of persecutions Which of the following is NOT true of the military during the Julio- Claudian period? - The military became increasingly subject to the dictates of the Senate. Arabia had never been conquered by either the Byzantines or the Persians because: - of the Arabian Peninsula's harsh environment Sunnites believe that: - writings of companions of Muhammad regarding various problems are legitimate laws. Muslim toleration of "People of the Book" includes: - Christians Which one of the following was NOT a reason for the emergence of the single-family peasant farm as the basic unit of agricultural production in the Early Middle Ages? - The declining birthrate made it necessary for entire families to work in agricultural production The Italian humanists used historical evidence to: - provide moral examples Why did the average life expectancy fall during the Black Death? - The principle victims were infants and young adults Which of the following resisted the consolidation that took place during Philip IV's rule? - Flanders Which of the following resulted from the Hundred Year's War? - The French king had become the indisputable protector of the French people. The style of urban government in which members take an oath of permanent association is called: - a commune The Statute of Laborers of 1351 attempted to : - fix prices and wages at pre-plague levels. Civic Humanism emphasized - participation in public affairs The contents of the Magna Carta greatly resemble the provisions found in : - oaths of English kings Henry I, Henry II, and Richard Classic feudalism never had much influence in - Celtic areas Which of the following was NOT characteristic of Renaissance Humanism? - a rejection of the importance of religion in daily life Jan Hus - was condemned and executed for his beliefs Glebe land is the - land reserved on a manor for the parish priest The Franciscan movement provides a good example of - a mystical and emotional religious experience The dialectic arguments in Sic et Non implied that - Christian dogma and law contained contradictions What was the most distinctive feature of twelfth- century urban life? - opportunities for vertical social mobility The philosophers known as nominalists - denied the existence of universal natures and ideal forms The House of Commons consists of - town representatives and Knights of the Shire The rise and eventual independence of the Principality of Moscow came about in part because - the talents of early princes Henry II's conflict with Thomas Becket focused on - Constitutions of Clarendon A fief is - a lord's concession of land to a vassal, which imposed obligations upon both The term Villein describes - an unfree peasant who worked in agriculture in England and France The Golden Bull of Charles IV of Holy Roman Empire - set the number of electors of the emperor at seven Which section of the population was most struck by the Black Death? - All segments were affected by the pandemic By the best estimates, the population of Europe fell by how much due to the Black Death and subsequent plagues? - one-third to half The defeat of German imperial forces at the Battle of Legnano forced Fredrick Barbrossa - to concede independence to northern Italian towns The role of the Parliament of Paris was to - register royal edicts Which of the following is NOT true of England in comparison with other European states in the sixteenth century? - the king relied upon powerful noble families to administer the counties The biggest drain on Spain's financial resources during the sixteenth century was the cost of - supporting the wars of the Habsburgs Common soldiers in the seventeenth century were - All these answers are correct Predestination, a central doctrine of John Calvin's theology, means that - God has preordained the salvation or damnation of every human soul In the empire controlled by Charles V in the sixteenth century - France was the only major continental territory west of Poland that was not nominally under his jurisdiction Rebellion in France in the mid-seventeenth century - took the form of a revolt called the Fronde, which was led by the upper classes Galileo's accomplishments included - developing the theory of Inertia, which undermined Aristotelian physics The count of Olivares failed in his efforts to maintain Spanish supremacy in seventeenth-century Europe because - All these answers are correct The primary importance of Francis Bacon to the scientific revolution was - as a great propagandist who popularized its findings and methodology of the new scientific inquires During its first year, the Long Parliament - declared that taxes could not be levied without the consent of Parliment A major factor contributing to the scientific revolution was - the invention of instruments that made scientific discoveries possible One reason why European population grew slowly or not at all in the seventeenth century was because - warfare and economic depression reduced Europe's population by more than five million During the civil wars in France in the second half of the sixteenth century, the Huguenots - achieved limited toleration after their leader converted to catholicism to gain the throne Which of the following was part of Luther's mature theology? - both that justification may be achieved by faith alone and the validity of baptism and the Eucharist Which of the following is Not true of women in the sixteenth century Roman Catholic Church? - Mystics like St. Teresa were immediately welcomed by the Church because of the power of their visions The artistic work associated with seventeenth- century Classicism - embraced formal rules and structure In the sixteenth century, the capitalist outlook - resulted in profits that encouraged further economic growth Hernando Cortes achieved a rapid victory over the Aztecs - both because he was able to exploit their superstitions and because the use of horses gave the Spaniards an advantage Which of the following is Not true of the German Peasant Revolt of 1524? - German princes turned to the Holy Roman Emperor for help in suppressing the uprising The veilee brought villagers together and - exposed them to the ideas of religious reformers and criticisms of the Church Traditional village life in the seventeenth century witnessed - a breakdown in the relationship between peasants and landowners The political factions in the United Provinces differed over - mercantilism and war Which of the following words LEAST applies to the scientific outlook? - common sense According to Luther, religious authority - comes from the Bible Nebuchadnezzar is remembered for - destroying Jerusalem and the temple Arabia had never been conquered by either the Byzantines or the Persians because - of the Arabian Peninsula's harsh enviornment Greek Tragedies of the fifth century - questioned the relationship between humans and gods An important Spanish-Islamic Scholar on Aristotle that helped shape Western philosophy - ibn-Rushd Which was NOT among the important reforms carried out by Solon in the 570s B.C.? - allowing all male citizens to hold government office Following the death of Alexander the Great in 323 B.C., the Near East was influnced by Greek culture in process we call - Hellenization Rome controlled all the Italian peninsula except the Po valley by - 265 B.C. Sunnites Believed that - writings of companions of Muhammad regarding various problems are legitimate laws The Athenians defeat by Sparta in 404 B.C. was followed by - decades of war between shifting alliances of city-states The Roman Legal System - Did all of these: distinguish between citizens and non- citizens; allowed subjects of the Empire to maintain their own customs and served as a model for many subsequent law codes in Western Europe As the Republic developed, Roman women - exercised far greater behind- the scenes influence than Greek women ever had The Council of Whitby in 663 determined that - Roman rather than Irish Christianity would be practiced in England According to Islam, the final prophet of God is - Muhammad Which statement is Not true of the Jewish experience under Roman rule? - The Jewish religion was outlawed by the Romans Alexander's empire collapsed after his death because - his generals seized parts of his empire for themselves Our best information about Mycenaean civilization comes from - archaeological evidence The Visigothic defeat of the Byzantine army at Adrianople in 378 demonstrated the superiority - mounted warriors over infantry Which one of the following was primarily responsible for the decline of the Principality of Kiev - internal struggles and external invaders Which was NOT one of the reforms of Julius Caesar? - allied with the Senate to defeat Pompey Many of the Germanic tribes entered the Roman Empire because - of pressure put on them by the westward migration of the Huns In the first century B.C., as Roman imperialism brought the state into further wars, the political situation was dominated by - attempts of powerful generals to achieve supremacy in Rome through use of the army Romans believed that their gods - could be appeased through sacrifices Which of the following languages are descended from the Indo- European language ? - All these answers are correct During the period of the Pax Romana, - deforestation and over grazing may have harmed the Italian economy The hijra formed a turning point in Muhammad's career because it - provided him with a political and military base Hammurabi's law code favored women and children by - All these answers are correct Which of the following is Not correct? Augustus legislation in favor of the Roman family was designed to - curb population growth The principal feature of Zoroastrianism was - the idea of conflict between a god of good and a god of evil In the Punic Wars, Rome defeated - Carthage Which of the following Germanic tribes became known as chief defender of the Western Church? - Franks The period of the five good emperors was characterized by - stability and prosperity The three unifying elements that allowed the Roman Empire to survive and work were - the emperor , the army, and civil servants and town councils The Germanic tribes - All these answers are correct Hagia Sophia refers to - a large church in Constantinople Which is NOT true of cities in the first centuries of the Roman Empire? - People could not rely on the protection of the law outside the urban areas The Epicureans advocated - withdrawal from the pain and disappointment of the world In comparison with Egyptian or Near Eastern civilizations, the Greek polis was distinctive in which of the following ways? - Free male citizens participated in politics The Frankish king Clovis - unified the region of Gaul In the Athenian demokratia, most public offices were filled by - the drawing of lots The Treaty of Verdun - a divided the Carolingian Empire into three parts Athens was ultimately defeated in Peloponnesian War because - her navy was defeated and she was unable to import food Which best describes Roman literature during the centuries of the Pax Romana? - It frequently used Greek works as models In comparison with Socrates, Plato was - less willing to believe that people could consult their consciences to discover what is right The Egyptian concept of maat - asserts that a kind of cosmic harmonizing places all things in the right relationship The Spartan state - subordinated the family to the state Which was NOT an innovation of early agricultural life? - iron metal work The Stoics - claimed that the world was governed by a single divine plan The use of vernacular languages in the Orthodox Church contributed to - the development of autonomous churches based on vernacular languages The illiad - glorifies a warrior aristocracy People turned from hunting and gathering to food producing around - 11,000 B.C.