MIC 130 Final Exam Study Questions
and Answers with Complete Solutions
Graded A 2024
Bio warfare - intentional use of disease causing organisms or products of
organisms to harm populations to attain military a objective
bioterorism - intentional use of disease causing agents or products of organisms to
harm humans, other animals, or plants in order to cause civil unrest and panic or to
commit a crime
Advantages of biological weapons - -Readily available "easy to grow" -
inexpensive -highly transportable -not easy detected -Tasteless, odorless, invisible
-Suicide "infectors" -Cause large scale panic -No damage to infrastructure
(warfare)
Disadvantages of biological weapons - -morally and socially unethical -delivery
can be tricky -difficult to control spread -Hazard to self -"Pandora's Box"
"Pandora's box" analogy to biological weapons - had all evils inside and once you
open the box and release them -if you can contain/control but once you release it
you can't get it back -never "over"
Historical uses biological weapons (Romans) - -Ancient romans threw carrion into
wells to poison thier enemies
,carrion - decying flesh or dead animals
Historical uses biological weapons (Carthage) - -Hannibal (Carthage) in 184 BC,
hurled pots of venomous snakes onto Pergamon (ancient greek) ships
-Would have to jump ship or die
Historical uses biological weapons (mongolia) - -Bodies catapulted into Caffa by
Mongolain army
-used dead infected bodies to spread disease
Historical uses biological weapons (French vs Indian war) - The english used small
pox-laden blankets in 1763 at Fort Pitt to Subdue Indians loyal to French
-Lasted 1754-64
-The raging small pox epidemic decimated those who recived the blankets
Historical uses biological weapons (WW1) - German Secret service covertly used
the bacteria that causes glanders and anthrax to infect animals (horses) used by the
allies during WW1
-Lasted from 1914-1918
-Infected the grain and germans sold it to nuetral countries who sold it to the
unsuspecting "enemy"
Geneva protocal of 1925 - -Put into effect 1928; 29 nations signed including US
-Treaty included: "A protocol for the Prohibition of the Use in War of
Asphyxiating Gas, and of Biological Methods of Warfare"
-Banned all use during war
-Treaty was not ratified by US or Japan until 2014 and 1970
Glanders - Infectious disease spread through direct contact with infected animals
-Fever and chills with sweating, muscle aches, chest pain, muscle tightness,
headaches, nasal drainage, light sensitivity
-can get localized, pulmonary, bloodstream or chronic infection
Did the Geneva Protocol work? Post-Geneva Protocol - Bacillus anthracis
(anthrax) and other agents were developed for weaponization by: US, Japan,
Russia, Germany, Great Britain
-Protocol didnt mention production, storage, or transfer of biological agents
Camp (Fort) Detrick United states - British wanted a biological weapons program
-US started one in April 1943
, -Since 1969 used for biological defense program
-Site of several US medical research facilities
US and British biowarfare programs in WW2 (1944-45) - US and British leaders
developed plans to drop hundreds of bomblets with anthrax over German cities
Japan biowarefare program in WW2 (1932-1945) - -Japan invaded Manchuria in
1931
-Developed unit 731 (housed in china secret) for BW research, development, and
production facility
-Thousands of chinese, koreans, russians, criminals, and P.O.W.'s were
experimented on
P.O.W - prisoner of war
Ping Fan, Manchuria - Developed infectious agents: Yersinia pestis (plague),
Bacillus anthracis (anthrax), Virbio cholera (cholera)
-Never charged with war crimes
Why weren't Japanese researches prosecuted (why was it kept a secret)? - -US did
not want Soviets to have information and encourage them to do the same thing
- It was helpful for us to have germ program with human data
-Hard to advance a program if everyone knew
-Repulsion that civilians would have had wanted public to shut down the program
How did Japan experiment with spreading plague? - Infected fleas with plague
bacteria that were in airplanes that got dropped over chinese cities
Who did Japanese experiment on/what did they do? - -Experimented on peasants,
and did autopsies before death.
-Preferred agent was inhaled anthrax for pulmonary anthrax
Pine Bluff Arsenal 1950 - Us army installation in Arkansas
-BW production facility on 14,000 acres
-Manufactured organisms that cause: Brucellosis, Tularemia, Anthrax, Q-fever,
VEE (Venezuelan equine encephalitis), Botulinum toxin
Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE) - -Emerging infectious disease in Latin
America
-Mainly in animals but humans can catch it as well
