My notes on attachment (in AS and A level Psychology).
Includes: Caregiver-infant interactions in humans: reciprocity and interactional synchrony. Stages of attachment identified by Schaffer. Multiple attachments and the role of the father.
Animal studies of attachment: Lorenz and Harlow.
Explan...
, Interactions
Caregiver-Infant
person responds to the other and elicits
T ↑ "turn taking" &
When each
a
.
response from them
Reciprocity How
>
-
two
people :
interact
. How caregivers/babies respond to each
others' signals and elicits a response from the
other) reciprocal).
foramen
↳ active involvement from caregivers baby
↳
alert phases =
when baby signals the caregiver , and arraits for a spell
for interaction .
of they
that
interaction .
are
ready
AUI :
metime
notice + responses to these alerts (fadmanetal
Is of Caregivers
-
on described
.
this as a dance between ↳ external Factors + mother's skills may affect this
caregiver and infant this interaction tends to be increasingly frequent and
↳ from 3mmhs ,
(fedman
.
involves dose attention to each
other's verbal signals and
facial expression . #
a coordinated
>
-
Interactional Caregiver+ baby
:
mirror each other's actions + emotions
way
Synchrony ->
Feldman's definition : "The temporal coordination of micro
level social behaviour between the infant and caregiver
"
.
beginnings of
↳ Meltzoff more assessed interactional synchrony by asking caregivers to
:
+
child's expressions
6 initiate a facial expression / distinctive gesture filmed I were .
cmrolled
observation .
-
findings babies' expressions + gestures
:
were most likely
the caregivers' actions -
mirroring
association was found between the expression or
gesture the adult had
an
displayed and the actions of trebabies.
↳ Isabella et al :
assessed degree of synchrony +
quality of mother-baby
attachment in 30 mothers + babies
.
mother-
↳
finding
:
Higher levels of synchraly =
I
bett
To quality of infant
to
N
attachment .
associated wh
-
neths
i meannesses
-
observations good validity counterpoint
med
:
Lab
↑
"
-
"Robust Phenomena
i
,
Is control any distractions to
Feldman stated that interactional synchrony
can be the baby are names of
# implication reciprocity)
watched
t any ↳ baby does not know/care behaviours
by more observable caregiver-baby
than one time they are observed
being ,
and do not give a reason as to
Observer natural behaviour
interactions
This does not
↳ establish
recorded
. Why babies respond this way .
inter-rater being I causation of baby's development
.
lince to a
reliability
High degree of synchrony good quality a mentI
sm
-
>
-
-
↳
good mother-baby attachment >
-
socially sensitive associated w/
↳ found by Isabella et al
*
it's helpful in 1 Ifa mother-baby attachment = better development
baby , then
when a mother leaves for work
responses , of
(empathy
develop stress
↓
-
positive
im
,
language sI This deem to be detrimental to a
>
- Practical use moral development .
may
filmed research of caregiver-baby interaction baby's development .
negative labelling
as
can be used in parenting style training
- a 10-min Parent-child-Interaction training
I the mother may neglect
their child
record observable behaviours
, I development
in
.
in 20 on
>
-
Difficult to
improved interactional synchrony
babies
income mothers and their preschool children
.
I
Due to lack of coordination (myhand movement ion)
fine detail I
-Captures caregiver
S
Meltsoff Moore's study difficult to know a
baby's perspective
-
- + : ↳
* controved = high degree of control ,
established C-E
-
relationships
I
may trigger
a behaviour from a
baby
* later research M m found
by findings infants
+ the same in 3 Gratier =
Interactions between mothers +
day old infants
.
I
↳ reliable
have shown the same patterns of interaction
.
replicable high concurrent validity
I
, ,
>
- () suggested association =
subjectivity researcher is their imitation
of infant's perspective
:
Unsure ,
"
bins
?
- of adult signals conscious and deliberate
move
, weakness &
2 ↳ showe long term effects
.
L
i
weakness
↳ Strength of CG-1 interactions.
(t) Still face experiment - Koepke of al failed to
Mother was fold to face her baby replicate metzoff and Moore's
and hold a still face (she does not study
behaviours (
react to the baby's ↳
Questions concurrent
&
finding :
baby became agitated validity
to eroke
by failed attempts
a
can reliability
-
reaction in the matter,
demonstrating - Issue of falsifiability :
the importance of reciprocity in a
Dule to us
child's wellbeing consistent agreement ,
the research is based
# interference ,
depends on subjective
an association
.
opinion
Hard mat IS
to prove
is .
accurate
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller hannannur06. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for £7.50. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
