AAMC FL 1 Bio
Based on the data presented in the passage, which statement best describes the
HSP110ΔE9 allele?
A.Cancer-promoting and dominant to HSP110WT
B.Cancer-promoting and recessive to HSP110WT
C.Cancer-suppressing and dominant to HSP110WT
D.Cancer-suppressing and recessive to HSP110WT - CORRECT
ANSWER-Solution: The correct answer is C.
This is a Biology question that falls under the content category "Transmission of
genetic information from the gene to the protein." The answer to this question is C.
According to Figure 1, as compared to HSP110WT, HSP110ΔE9 slows tumor growth,
and thus, it is cancer-suppressing. According to the data in Table 2, HSP110ΔE9
counteracts the ability of HSP110WT to prevent protein aggregation and prevent
apoptosis; thus, the HSP110ΔE9 allele is dominant to the HSP110WT allele. This is
a Data-based and Statistical Reasoning question as it required interpretation of data
in Figure 1 and Table 2.
Cancer causes rapid cell division, usually with some broken DNA repair machinery.
This causes tons of mutations within the genome. This is likely how HSP110 gets
mutated in the first place. There is probably a more complicated mechanism behind
this, but we don't get that information from the passage.
Normal HSP110 in a healthy cell helps protein folding. This helps the cell grow and
divide, among other things. Cancer cells want to grow and divide, so they like to
have normal HSP110. Unfortunately for them, they have a mutated HSP110 that
makes it harder for proteins to properly fold. This makes it harder for cancer cells to
grow and divide, even killing some of the cancerous cells, which leads to a smaller
tumor volume in mutated HSP110. In this sense, HSP110 is a safeguard against
cancer. It helps cells function normally. When HSP110 gets mutated (like in cancer),
then it won't function properly and sometimes lead to cell death, or at least stunting
growth.
Dominant because Xx and XX have basically the same effect
Based on the passage, in MSI CRC primary tumor cells, the size of the deletion in
the HSP110 T17 microsatellite is inversely correlated with:
A.the amount of HSP110ΔE9 protein expressed.
B.the number of mature HSP110WT transcripts synthesized.
C.the frequency of the omission of HSP110 Exon 9 during splicing.
D.the extent of premature translation termination in Exon 10. - CORRECT
ANSWER-Solution: The correct answer is B.
,This is a Biology question that falls under the content category "Transmission of
genetic information from the gene to the protein." The answer to this question is B.
According to Table 1, as the size of the deletion increases, the amount of
HSP110ΔE9 and HSP110WT transcripts synthesized increase and decrease,
respectively. This is an inverse relationship. This is a Data-based and Statistical
Reasoning question as it required interpretation of data in Table 1.
A man with a CRC mutation that results in the synthesis of HSP110ΔE9 and a
woman that does not carry this mutation in any of her tissues have a child. What is
the percent chance that the child will inherit the CRC mutation?
A.0%
B.25%
C.50%
D.100% - CORRECT ANSWER-Solution: The correct answer is A.
This is a Biology question that falls under the content category "Transmission of
heritable information from generation to generation and the processes that increase
genetic diversity." The answer to this question is A. According to the passage,
HSP110ΔE9 transcripts are not present in noncancerous tissue of people with MSI
CRC. This means that the deletion mutation in the HSP110 T17 microsatellite is a
somatic, not germ line, mutation. Therefore, the mutation will not be inherited, and
the percent chance that the child of a person with this mutation will inherit it is 0%.
This is Scientific Reasoning and Problem Solving question because it asks you to
predict the heritability of the mutation described in the passage.
Which nucleotide pairing(s) would be recognized by the MMR system during DNA
replication?
dTMP and dCMP
dGMP and dAMP
dAMP and dTMP
A.I only
B.III only
C.I and II only
D.I, II, and III - CORRECT ANSWER-Solution: The correct answer is C.
This is a Biology question that falls under the content category "Transmission of
genetic information from the gene to the protein." The answer to this question is C.
The MMR system recognizes and repairs nucleotide mismatches during DNA
replication. The nucleotide pairs dTMP and dCMP (I) and dGMP and dAMP (II) are
mismatches. dAMP and dTMP (III) is a correct pairing. This is a Knowledge of
, Scientific Concepts and Principles because it requires assumed knowledge of
nucleotide pairing during DNA replication
The information in the passage best supports the conclusion that Intron 8 of HSP110
most likely contains which of the following?
A.Stop codon
B.Splice acceptor site
C.HSP110 gene promoter
D.Partial coding sequence of HSP110 - CORRECT ANSWER-Solution: The correct
answer is B.
This is a Biology question that falls under the content category "Transmission of
genetic information from the gene to the protein." The answer to this question is B.
Deletions in the T17 microsatellite located in Intron 8 of HSP110 cause Exon 9 to be
omitted from the final mRNA sequence during pre-mRNA processing. This would
occur during alternative splicing, which strongly suggests that the microsatellite
contains sequences that influence splicing. This is a Scientific Reasoning and
Problem Solving question because you need to evaluate which genetic feature
correctly relates to the information presented on Intron 8 in the passage.
introns - CORRECT ANSWER-do not code for proteins
Exons - CORRECT ANSWER-expressed sequence of DNA; codes for a protein
splice acceptor site - CORRECT ANSWER-Located at the 3' end of the intron,
terminates the intron with an AG sequence.
According to the information in the passage, HSP110 is most likely which type of
protein?
A.Adhesion
B.Chaperone
C.Clathrin
D.Enzyme - CORRECT ANSWER-Solution: The correct answer is B.
This is a Biochemistry question that falls under the content category "Structure and
function of proteins and their constituent amino acids." The answer to this question is
B because the passage states that HSP110 is a heat shock protein, which facilitates
proper protein folding and inhibits the formation of nonfunctional protein aggregates.
Proteins that perform this function are chaperone proteins. This is a Knowledge of
Scientific Concepts and Principles as it relates to assumed knowledge regarding the
function of chaperone proteins.
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