Summary
Topic 1 - Biological Molecules (Summary)
summary of all the content in topic 1 for aqa a level biology
[Show more]
Connected book
Book Title:
Author(s):
- Edition:
- ISBN:
- Edition:
Seller
Follow
Content preview
Topic IA -Biological Molecules
MOLECULE] Of LIFE :
monomers
single unit/polymer multiple
·
s 3
monomers .
join together in a condensation reaction to form polymers.
·
monomers
break down
polymers into monomers via hydrolysis reactions
·
.
polymer monomer
·
DNA nucleotide
Protein amino acid
monosaccaride
Carbohydrale
SUGARS :
glucose 7 7
sucrose
glucose-glucosee maltose + He
/disaccharides glucose + fructose Sucrose H20
mals
a
fructose
monosaccarides
-
- +
lactose
glucose + galactose e lactose H20
+
2 monosaccarides join together by condensation reactions to form a disaccaride
.
alpha glucose and beta
glucose
:
Isomers of .
glucose
H H H OH
-
O -
O
HO
a
glucose
& OH HO
b glucose
& H
glycosydic bond
H " HH- HH
glucose
O OH
accos -
- -
HO
a +
OH HO OH HO
\maltose
O &the
A
Heat sample in waterbath with Benedicts solution
-
L ↓ Test for
blue
green
-
yellow -
orange
- brick red precipitate reducing
↓ ↓ sugars
no
reducing Sugar reducing sugar present
Heat sample in waterbath with Benedicts solution
-
L ↓ -
blue
green
-
yellow -
orange
- brick red precipitate -
↓ ↓
-
I
no
reducing sugar reducing sugar present
↓
heat sample with dilute HCI acid then neutralise sample by
a new
adding
Benedicts solution
sodium
hydrogen carbonate . Hear with .
↓ ↓
blue brick red
green
-
yellow -
orange
-
precipitate
↓ ↓ #
no
sugar present non-reducing sugar present r
, POLYSACCARIDES :
Are formed when more than 2 monosaccarides join via condensation reactions
.
=
↑
Starch : Cellulose ·
cells forms plant cell walls
only found in plant
·
,
.
broken down
by hydrolysis
·
to release alpha glucose
. to release beta
glucose .
insoluble in water so doesn't insoluble doesn't affect insoluble doesn't
affect
·
so so
·
Amylose : ell ·
branched shape ,
has
bonds .
Test for Starch ; iodine test
Add iodine thats dissolved in potassium iodide .
L S
brown/orange blue/black
↓ ↓
negative result positive result
LIPIDS :
Lipids contain
hydrocarbons they known fats when solid andOils when
·
,
are as
liquid The
S
two
types of lipids are :
triglycerides phospholipids
and &
I
Trig
lycerides ; Phospholipids;
23 fatty
J
acids make 22
,
glycerol& fatty acids
Shydrophobic
Shydrophobic
tails tail
↓
ester bond
·
↓ ↳ ester bond ↓
glycerol phosphate group hydrophilic
-
↑
insoluble doesn't affect water potential make up the bilayer of
·
cell membranes
·
, I
,
used which controls enters / leaves the cell :
energy storage
·
as molecules what
form micelles when in water
2 phospholipid bilayer
·
:
Il II II Il
Chydrophilic head faces
#II +
(iii)
↑
S outwards-glycerol .
#/// hydrophobic tail faces
inwards
fatty acids
.
-
fatty acids ; unsaturated
fatty
acids and
saturated
·
acids
fatry .
↓ ↓
have Single carbon
double carbon chains ,
causing kinks .
chains
structure acid
fatty
·
:
of
O Emulsion test : add ethano,
i
C-R (R group is variable
group) . then water and shake. Positive if
401
milky emulsion is
present .
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller samiradjili. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for £2.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
79271 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy revision notes and other study material for 14 years now