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Procedures (1) - Anatomy, Physiology, And Pathology With Complete Solutions Latest Update £13.45
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Procedures (1) - Anatomy, Physiology, And Pathology With Complete Solutions Latest Update

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Procedures (1) - Anatomy, Physiology, And Pathology With Complete Solutions Latest Update

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  • July 17, 2024
  • 18
  • 2023/2024
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers
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Procedures (1) - Anatomy, Physiology, And
Pathology With Complete Solutions Latest Update

etiology - correct answers progression from healthy tissue

to nonfunctional tissue with uncontrolled growth



who makes the diagnosis

when the radiologist recommends a biopsy - correct answers Pathologist



General Categories and Characteristics of Breast Cancer - correct answers Stage 0
Carcinoma in situ

Stage I Less than or equal to 2 cm

Stage II Greater than 2 cm but less than 5 cm

Stage III Any size

Stage IV Any size



stage 0 cancer - correct answers Carcinoma in situ - early form



stage 1 breast cancer - correct answers cancer cells have moved beyond the duct
but have not yet reached the lymph nodes

-Less than or equal to 2 cm

,stage 2 breast cancer - correct answers Mass is Greater than 2 cm but less than 5
cm

Microscopic involvement of lymph nodes



stage 3 breast cancer - correct answers Any size mass

Lymph nodes are fixed together in

a matted axillary mass; invasion of

chest wall; skin involvement



stage 4 breast cancer - correct answers metastasized. axillary and distant



Cancer Types in Ductal Carcinoma - correct answers Intraductal

Invasive

Comedo (in situ w/ central necrosis)

Inflammatory

Medullary (rare. Begins in milk ducts)

Mucinous (begins in milk duct, spreads into nearby tissue. abnormal cells that
"float" in pools of mucin)

Papillary (rare. from finger-like projections (papules)good prognosis. papilloma is
benign)

Scirrhous (hard, fibrous invasive tumor)

Tubular (invasive, beginning in the milk ducts)

, Cancer Types in Lobular Carcinoma - correct answers in situ (early non invasive)

invasive



why does breast tissue change? - correct answers a result of monthly and life cycle
changes



what are the three phases for the development of breast cancer - correct answers
initiation, promotion, progression



initiation phase - correct answers carcinogenic agent triggers

the beginning by damaging and changing a gene

unable to produce the required proteins and enzymes to continue normal cell
functions



Promotion phase of cancer - correct answers mutant-damaged cells are weakened
by any number of agents such as cigarettes,

some household chemicals, injury, or exposure to

carcinogenic agents

over time they promote

the uncontrolled growth and proliferation of mutated cells



Progression phase of cancer - correct answers characterized by increased growth
rate of tumor, invasiveness, and metastasis

cells lose all normal functions except the ability to grow more abnormal cells

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