Lecture notes
Lecture notes European Dictators (History9489) Depth study 1
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- CIE
In depth notes on European history in the interwar years, 1919–41.
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Ideologies of the European DictatorsIDEOLOGIES AND REGIMES SEEN IN EUROPE 1912-50
Ideology Definition Explanation
Communism Communism is an economic ideology that Marxism, lenism were both seen
advocates for a classless society in which all as some form of communism
property and wealth is communally-owned, Lenin failed in the economic
instead of by individuals. The communist aspect to be communism.
ideology was developed by Karl Marx and is the Stalinism was NOT seen as
opposite of a capitalist one, which relies on communism instead, it was
democracy and production of capital to form a more of a dictatorship.
society.
Fascism Fascism is a form of far-right,
A form of political behaviour marked by authoritarian ultranationalism
obsessive preoccupation with political decline, characterized by dictatorial
humiliation, or victimhood and by compensatory power, forcible suppression of
cults of unity, energy and purity, in effective opposition, as well as strong
collaboration with traditional elite groups, regimentation of society and of
abandons democratic liberties and pursues with the economy which came to
redemptive violence and without ethical or legal prominence in early 20th-
restraints goals of internal cleansing and century Europe.
external expansion.
There are differing definitions
and types of Facism. Nazi
Fascism is seen as a nationalistic
and anti-semetic party whereas
Mussolini’s Facism, which was
the first fascist country, was one
that believed in a one-party,
totalitarian control of a nation
and its economy.
Authoritarian They often rise to power as an existing Authoritarian regimes are firmly
Dictators conservative regime begins imposing committed to maintaining or
increasingly undemocratic measures such as restoring traditional structures
immobilizing mass political and industrial and values.
groups. They can also rise to power after a
military coup
Totalitarian They often come to power as a result of a mass
Dictators movement or revolution and are, in theory,
committed to a radical ideology and
programme of political, economical and social
change.
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