groundwater velocity
~ cm/yr to 250m/day
driven by elevation and water pressure
darcys law
~ v=Ki
greater difference in hydraulic head or height of water table over distance =
faster flow
hydraulic head: elevation of measuring point plus the height of water above,
h=z(elevation)+w(weigh...
, ✓✓✓✓~ uppermost mantle and overlying crust, tectonic plates
asthenosphere
✓✓✓✓~ weaker region in mantle below lithosphere
continental drift evidence
✓✓✓✓~ fit of continents, ancient ice ages, fossils, paleomagnetics, rock types and
structures
plate tectonics
✓✓✓✓~ lithospheric plates move relative to one another, driven by convection in mantle, 2-
5cm/yr
hotspots
✓✓✓✓~ dynamic crust moves over stationary plumes of molten magma in mantle, hawaii
divergent boundary
✓✓✓✓~ two plates move apart, new seafloor come sup, mostly at ocean ridges and rift
valleys, iceland
transform boundary
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