gender nonconformity correct answers Gender-role incongruent appearance, attitudes, or behavior (wide-range)
Backlash effect correct answers Violating gender prescription results in strong negative reactions from others
(ex: dad being angry at son wearing makeup)
(woman in power/ leadership r...
PSYC 334 Exam 2 || A Verified A+ Pass.
gender nonconformity correct answers Gender-role incongruent appearance, attitudes, or
behavior (wide-range)
Backlash effect correct answers Violating gender prescription results in strong negative reactions
from others
(ex: dad being angry at son wearing makeup)
(woman in power/ leadership role must disconfirm female stereotypes to be considered a
competent leader --> Society doesn't like women who take charge, so negative reactions toward
ambitious and capable women present difficult hurdle for women in performance settings)
Intrarole conflict correct answers Experience of conflict between expectations within a given role
(Ex: man needing assistance putting something together→ achievement vs. independence→
conflict)
Interrole conflict correct answers Experience of conflict between two or more roles that are
assumed simultaneously (Ex: female student in a seminar debate class)
Gender fluid correct answers Person who does not identify themselves as having a fixed gender
(Linked to depression, anxiety, and suicide risk as well as future physical, sexual, and
psychological abuse regardless of sexual orientation)
Gender Identity Disorder (DSM 4) vs. Gender Dysphoria (DSM 5) correct answers Gender
Dysphoria is the new term; only considered a disorder if people experience significant stress as a
role of their gender identify
What does Gender Dysphoria in Children look like? correct answers Strong preference for
playmates of the other sex, A strong dislike of one's sexual anatomy; desire for
secondary/primary sex characteristics of other sex, Strong and persistent cross-gender
identification for at least 6 months, Strong + persistent preferences for cross-sex roles in make-
believe play or persistent fantasies of being the other sex
What does gender dysphoria in adults look like? correct answers Desire to be treated as the other
sex
Frequent passing as other sex
Conviction of typical feelings & reactions of other sex
Persistent discomfort with sex and gender role associated with sex
Preoccupation with getting rid of sex charactersistics, belief that he/she was born in the wrong
sex
"Risks" for Transgender people correct answers Transgender individuals experience higher
levels of anxiety, depression, substance abuse, suicide ideology, Transgender individuals are at
higher risk for body dissatisfaction + eating pathology,
, "Treatments" for Transgender people correct answers No effective "treatment" for transgender
→ conversion therapy is banned as it increased suicide risk; hormonal therapy, puberty blockers
Why is there hesitation for allowing youth to transition? correct answers 2017→ gender identity
is elastic/plastic; many children will identify with/ embrace their biological sex eventually;
Hormone treatment may drive some individuals to persist in identifying as transgender (might
feel stuck, irreversible); puberty blockers may have health consequences such as infertility
What is the Kinsey Scale? correct answers (1948) - The world as a continuum→ range from 0-6
(hetero→ homesexual)
Still too simplistic→ recognizes dimensionality but assumes gender binary, conflates asexual/
bisexual, and is limited to sexual attraction
What is the Klein Sexual Orientation Grid? correct answers (1978) - More complex: more
dimensions/ times in life (i.e. Past, present, ideal); 21 different self-ratings; opportunity or self-
rating/ identification, but still somewhat binary; the term "lifestyle" and "ideal" = issues w/
definition
What is the Storms Scale? correct answers (1980) - Two continuums (showing that
heterosexuality is not the opposite of homosexuality); but still assumes gender binary; good b/c it
factors in bisexuality and asexuality
What is the Galupo scale? correct answers (2014) - Disconnect between measurement + lived
experiences (especially for non monosexual individuals)
Doesn't account for intersectionality→ sexuality is a set of domains
What are the 5 biological layers of sex? correct answers 1. Chromosomal sex (XX, XY, XXY,
XYY)
2. Gonadal sex (ovaries, testes)
3. fetal hormonal sex (gonads producing estrogen and androgens)
4. internal reproductive organs (uterus, cervix, prostate)
5. external genitalia
Epigenetics correct answers the study of how the environment influences how and when genes
are expressed
Twin studies on aggression correct answers Much stronger correlation of aggressive behavior
among monozygotic than dizygotic twins
What is CAH? correct answers congenital adrenal hyperplasia: a genetic disorder resulting from
a malfunction in adrenal gland that results in prenatal exposure to high levels of male hormones
and lack of cortisol
Effects of CAH on girls correct answers girls w/ CAH have superior spatial skills compared to
girls w/o CAH; their genitals are somewhat masculinized; resemble males in terms of income
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