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bio 182 final exam/100 Complete Questions and Answers
bio 182 final exam/100 Complete Questions and Answers
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bio 182 final exam/100 CompleteQuestions and Answers
ecology; what is it's purpose? - --study of how organisms interact with their
environment
-to understand the distribution and abundance of organisms
-population - -group of individuals of the same species living in the same
area, at the same time
-community - -consists of species that interact with one another within a
particular area
-ecosystem - -consists of all organisms in a particular region, along with
non-living components
-abiotic components - -air, water, and non-living parts of soil
-range - -geographical distribution; abiotic & biotic determine range
-biomes - -major groupings of plant and animal communities defined by a
dominant vegetation type
-climate - -the prevailing, long-term weather conditions found in an area
-tropical wet forests (rain forests) - -found in equator regions where
temperatures are high and annual temperature is very low; produce
abundant plant growth, lead to high above-ground biomass
-boreal forest (taiga) - -forms on subarctic lands, dominated by highly cold-
tolerant conifers; productivity is low, above-ground biomass is high because
slow-growing tree species may be long-lived and become big
-tundra - -found throughout the arctic regions; low productivity and low
above-ground biomass and its treeless
-permafrost - -soils are in a permanently frozen state; limits both the
release and uptake of nutrients
-simulation studies - -are based on computer models of weather patterns in
local regions
-observational studies - -based on long-term monitoring at fixed site
, -historical studies - -examine the relationship b/w CO2 levels, climate
change, & the distribution and abundance of organisms based on events
millions of years ago
-experiments - -designed to simulate changed climate conditions and to
record responses by the organisms present
-behavior - -an action or response to a stimulus
-behavioral biology - -study of how organisms respond to particular stimuli
from those environments
-proximate causation (mechanistic) - -explains how actions occur
-ultimate causation (evolutionary) - -explains why actions occur
-fixed action patterns (FAP's) - -highly inflexible stereotypical behavior
patterns
-innate behaviors - -behavior that is inherited and shows little variation
based on learning or the individuals condition
-cost benefit analysis - -animals appear to weigh the costs and benefits of
responding to a particular situation in various ways
-foraging - -when animals seek food
-piloting - -use of familiar landmarks
-compass orientation - -movement oriented in a specific direction
-true navigation - -ability to locate a specific place on earth's surface
-circadian clock - -maintains a 24-hour rhythm of chemical activity-animals
use sun for direction
-communication - -process in which a signal from one individual modifies
the behavior of another individual
-altruism - -behavior that has a fitness cost to the individual exhibiting it
and a fitness benefit to the recipient, appears to contradict this pattern
(queen bees giving themselves up for the queen to reproduce)
-hamilton's rule - -can be expressed as Br>C, where B is the fitness benefit
to the beneficiary, r is the coefficient of relatedness, and c is the fitness cost
to the actor
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