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MCAT Official Sample Prep Test Chemical and Physical Foundations of Biological Systems || with Errorless Solutions 100%.
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receptor antagonist correct answers type of receptor ligand or drug that blocks or dampens a biological response by binding to and blocking a receptor rather than activating it like an agonist. 2^ n Rule correct answers gives possible stereoisomers with chiral centers. calcium oxalate precipi...

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  • August 18, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
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  • receptor antagonist

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MCAT Official Sample Prep Test Chemical and Physical
Foundations of Biological Systems || with Errorless Solutions
100%.
receptor antagonist correct answers type of receptor ligand or drug that blocks or dampens a
biological response by binding to and blocking a receptor rather than activating it like an agonist.

2^ n Rule correct answers gives possible stereoisomers with chiral centers.

calcium oxalate precipitates correct answers when [Ca2+][C2O42-] exceeds the solubility
product constant Ksp by definition

electric field lines correct answers exit from positive and enter negative charges. The axon is
negatively charged. The extracellular solution has a zero net potential.

purpose of myelin sheath correct answers is to assist with the propagation of nerve impulses. It
functions in this capacity by insulating the internal cytosol from the extracellular fluid. When the
nodes of Ranvier open in response to stimulus, the resulting depolarization can only be
transmitted along the axon since the myelin sheath is insulating.

What is the closest distance the electrodes used in an NCV test can be placed on a nerve in order
to measure the voltage change as a response to the stimulus? correct answers 0.1 m, because the
shortest time duration that can be detected is not less than the action potential time response of 1
msec, according to Figure 1. The distance travelled by the impulse during this time is 1 msec ×
100 m/s = 0.1 m, which is the closest distance the electrodes must be placed on the nerve.

What information about an axon is required to calculate the current associated with an NCV
pulse? correct answers Potential, resistance per unit length, and length; This is a question about
Ohm's Law, I = V/R. To determine R, the resistance per unit length, the length, and the potential
V are needed

pH of the solution correct answers by definition, -log([H+]). Since the hydrogen ion
concentration for the unknown aqueous solution was given as 1 × 10-5

Two additional compounds were studied: NO2(OH) dissolved in water and produced an acidic
solution, and Ni(OH)2 dissolved only in an acidic solution. What type of compounds were these?
correct answers NO2(OH) was an oxyacid and Ni(OH)2 was a base.; The first substance is nitric
acid, HNO3. Since this substance dissolves to generate an acidic solution, the bond between O
and H in the structural formula NO2OH breaks when the substance dissolves, making it an
oxyacid. The latter substance, Ni(OH)2, is apparently insoluble in neutral water, but will dissolve
if the solution is acidic. This behavior is typical of substances that feature basic anions. The bond
between Ni and O is the one that breaks when Ni(OH)2 dissolves. The hydroxide ion that is
produced quickly reacts with protons in solution and cannot react again with Ni2+ to form a
precipitate.

, general formula AOm(OH)n correct answers acids if A is a non-metal

Squalene is produced in the human body as a precursor to which important class of compounds?
correct answers Steroid hormones; structure of squalene is highly suggestive of its
transformation into the fused four-ring system common to cholesterol and all of the steroid
hormones.

What is the concentration of Cl- ions in a 0.1 M solution of calcium chloride? correct answers
0.20 M; The answer to this question is D because the formula for calcium chloride is CaCl2 and
it produces twice as many Cl- ions as Ca2+ ions in solution when it dissolves

Addition of which disaccharide to a solution of Ag2O in NH3(aq) will NOT result in the
deposition of shiny silver mirror on the walls of the reaction vessel? correct answers The answer
to this question is D because sucrose does NOT possess a hemiacetal functional group, will NOT
undergo mutarotation, and will NOT be oxidized by Ag+. Saccharides undergo mutarotation if
they are capable of ring-opening. The process of ring-opening occurs at a hemiacetal group, and
the intermediate is an aldehyde. Such sugars are termed "reducing sugars" as a result of their
ability to be oxidized by Ag+

What is the net charge of the peptide Arg-Ala-Phe-Leu at pH 8? correct answers +1; the net
charge is equal to the sum of all charged portions of the peptide. The N-terminus contributes a +1
charge along with the Arg side chain. The C-terminus contributes a -1 charge, so the net charge
is +1.

Which data suggest that the differences in Compound 1 metabolism between the variant and
wild-type CYP2C9 enzymes are NOT due to changes in the binding affinity toward Compound
1? correct answers The KM values for the variant enzymes do not differ significantly from the
wild-type enzyme; KM values can be used to represent a measure of the binding affinity of an
enzyme for a particular substrate. The expression for KM is the same as a dissociation constant
under conditions where product formation is the rate-limiting step. Because the KM values of the
variant enzymes do not change significantly (standard errors are included here), it can be
concluded that CYP2C9 genotype does not decrease Compound 1 metabolism due to a change in
binding affinity.

If the data used to generate the kinetic parameters in Table 1 were displayed in a Lineweaver-
Burk plot, the plot would show that the y-intercept: correct answers is different for all three
variants. the different Vmax values of each variant will result in plots that have different y-
intercepts because the y-intercept of a Lineweaver-Burk plot is equivalent to 1/Vmax. This is a
Scientific Reasoning and Problem Solving question because you need to work with the scientific
model of Michaelis-Menten kinetics when represented with a Lineweaver-Burk plot and make a
claim about the appearance of that plot.

The overall reaction scheme for enzymes of the CYP450 enzyme family is shown with R
representing the substrate.
NADPH + H+ + O2 + R-H → NADP+ + H2O + R-OH

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