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Philosophy Final- Straighterline Questions and Answers | Latest Update | 2024/2025 | 100% Verified What is the significance of Plato’s Allegory of the Cave in understanding the concept of reality and knowledge? Plato’s Allegory of the Cave illustrates the difference between the worl...

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Philosophy Final- Straighterline
Questions and Answers | Latest Update |
2024/2025 | 100% Verified
What is the significance of Plato’s Allegory of the Cave in understanding the concept of reality

and knowledge?


✔✔ Plato’s Allegory of the Cave illustrates the difference between the world of appearances and

the world of reality, suggesting that true knowledge is gained through philosophical reasoning

rather than sensory experience.




How does Aristotle's concept of virtue ethics define the 'good life'?


✔✔ Aristotle's virtue ethics defines the 'good life' as one lived in accordance with virtue, where

happiness (eudaimonia) is achieved through the cultivation of moral and intellectual virtues.




What is the 'social contract' theory, and how do philosophers like Hobbes, Locke, and Rousseau

interpret it differently?


✔✔ The 'social contract' theory is the idea that individuals consent, either explicitly or implicitly,

to form a society and accept certain rules for mutual benefit. Hobbes views it as a way to avoid

the chaos of the state of nature, Locke sees it as a means to protect natural rights, and Rousseau

considers it a way to achieve collective freedom and equality.




1

,How does Descartes’ method of doubt lead to the conclusion "Cogito, ergo sum"?


✔✔ Descartes' method of doubt involves systematically doubting all beliefs to find an

indubitable foundation of knowledge, leading him to conclude "Cogito, ergo sum" ("I think,

therefore I am") as the first principle that cannot be doubted.




What is the problem of evil, and how do philosophers attempt to reconcile it with the existence

of an omnipotent, omnibenevolent God?


✔✔ The problem of evil questions how an all-powerful, all-good God can allow the existence of

evil. Philosophers address this through various theodicies, such as free will defense or the idea

that evil is necessary for the greater good.




What is the significance of Nietzsche’s concept of the "Übermensch" in his philosophy?


✔✔ Nietzsche's concept of the "Übermensch" represents an individual who creates their own

values and lives beyond traditional moral constraints, embodying the ideal of self-overcoming

and the affirmation of life.




How does the philosophy of pragmatism, as developed by thinkers like William James, approach

the concept of truth?




2

, ✔✔ Pragmatism views truth as what is useful and practical, emphasizing that beliefs are true if

they lead to successful action or satisfactory results, rather than conforming to an objective

reality.




What role does skepticism play in philosophy, and how did it influence thinkers like David

Hume?


✔✔ Skepticism questions the possibility of certain knowledge, leading philosophers like David

Hume to challenge assumptions about causality, the self, and empirical knowledge, ultimately

advocating for a more cautious and critical approach to belief.




What is the cause of change for Empedocles? ✔✔Love and strife.




Three of Plato's more enlightening and well-known dialogs are: ✔✔Apology, Republic and

Meno




What is a syllogism? ✔✔A kind of inference




What did Aristotle say about all change? ✔✔It is a movement from potentiality to actuality




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