Human Neuropsychology Revision Exam 1 Questions With Complete Solutions.
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Module
Neuropsychology
Institution
Neuropsychology
computerized tomography (CT) scan - Answer x-ray beams pass through brain structures at different angles; allows visualization of brain structures; purpose: find brain lesions, determine if structures look normal; does not tell you how brain is functioning
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) - A...
Human Neuropsychology Revision
Exam 1 Questions With Complete
Solutions.
computerized tomography (CT) scan - Answer x-ray beams pass through brain structures at different
angles; allows visualization of brain structures; purpose: find brain lesions, determine if structures look
normal; does not tell you how brain is functioning
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) - Answer utilizes magnet and radio frequencies; patient cannot
have any metal on or in them; more powerful magnet = better images; does not tell you how brain is
functioning
electroencephalograph (EEG) - Answer measures electrical voltage of brain waves; records electrical
activity via scalp / surface electrodes; used most often to diagnose and categorize seizures, monitoring
sleep stages, access "gross" levels of brain activation, and "brain death"
functional MRI (fMRI) - Answer when neurons become more active, blood flow to these neurons
increases; detects changes in blood flow due to oxygenation; identifies brain regions that become more
active during cognitive tasks; research on localization of functions; shows how brain is functioning
positron emission tomography (PET) and single positron emission computed tomography (SPECT) scans -
Answer radioactive molecules (tracers) are injected / inhaled; tracers bind to glucose, which fuels
neurons; third-tier use; shows how brain is functioning
lumbar puncture (spinal tap) - Answer cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is drawn out of lumbar section of the
spine; diagnoses infections of the brain and CSF such as meningitis, syphilis, viruses, and bacterial
infections
axial - Answer top-down view of the brain (dorsal to ventral)
coronal - Answer face-on view of the brain (anterior to posterior)
, sagittal - Answer side view of the brain (lateral to midline)
hydrocephalus - Answer too much cerebrospinal fluid enlarges ventricles, which pushes brain tissue
toward the skull
purposes for neuropsychological assessment - Answer diagnose brain or cognitive disorders (ex.
dementia, concussion, learning disorder, etc.); determine severity of brain disorder and cognitive
deficits;
determine effects of brain damage on functional or everyday capabilities (ex. dressing yourself, driving,
feeding yourself, etc.... can they return to their job?);
establish a baseline for future comparisons (determine how much they progress/regress/plateu);
make recommendations for rehabilitation and treatment
most basic neuropsychological functions - Answer arousal / alertness (necessary for all mental
abilities);
attention (associated with frontal lobe functioning)
->sustained attention or vigilance
continuous performance test (CPT) - Answer used to evaluate someone's attention span
error of omission - Answer target stimulus appears and participant makes no response (low attention)
error of commission - Answer target stimulus does not appear but participant responds anyway
(incorrect response; impulsive)
working memory - Answer capacity of seven plus or minus two items; highly vulnerable to distraction;
also called short-term memory
digit span - Answer person is read digits and repeats them back; must first repeat them as they heard
them, then repeat them in reverse order (test to determine working memory capacity)
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