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GDR in Depth (currently fixing format - don’t buy) £4.49
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  3. PEARSON (PEARSON)
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  5. History 2015
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  7. Unit 2E.2 - The German Democratic Republic, 1949-90

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GDR in Depth (currently fixing format - don’t buy)
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Very detailed assortment of notes regarding the GDR - perfect for your Pearson Edexcel A-Level History exam! Covers pre-existing conditions/aims/what?, impact on people, impact on economy and impact on SED/government (all where relevant) for: economic developments; USSR’s reparations; 1st, 2nd a...

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  • August 22, 2024
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  • 2021/2022
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GDR in Depth
Economic developments 1949-61 (G)
 Committed to replacement of social and  Widespread general dissatisfaction due to poor
economic conditions responsible for fascism and living standards, rationing, housing shortages
replacing them with Marxist-Leninist state and increased taxation (largely to pay for
 GDR economy was hindered by: no longer had border protection)
access to coal and steel from Ruhr; until 1950,  0.5m emigrated to FRG between 1951-53
USSR continued to take 25% of all industrial  Everybody (including women) was guaranteed
goods; lost valuable labour to FRG through employment although this wasn’t always of
migration their choice/matching their skillset
 Children of industrial and agricultural workers
given significant educational opportunities
 Basic foodstuffs, housing and transport heavily
subsidised
USSR’s reparations (S)
Pre-existing conditions/aims/what? Impact on people Impact on economy
 USSR lost 20m lives and suffered infrastructural damage so demanded reparations.  Discontent rose due to falling living standards as a  Economic
Each allied power took reparations from their own zone. result of the economic burden of reparations burden which
 USSR dismantled factories and transport infrastructure, sought payments from  Some felt positively about USSR ‘saving’ them from the worsened living
production in GDR and contributions to pay for Soviet occupation, and seized Third Reich conditions
valuable resources.
 Around 1,500 entire industrial plants and 50% East German railway tracks taken
 Stalin stripped what he could, imagining that the separation was temporary
 Ceased in 1924
1st 5YP (1951-55)
 Needed industrial progress  Lack of consumer goods led to widespread dissatisfaction with  Significant increases in lignite, electricity, iron  Lac
 Centralised state planning; high the government and increased migration to FRG and cement wid
industrial production quotas;  Dissatisfaction due to government’s desire for higher  Poor production of coal and steel gov
accelerated nationalisation of industry; productivity whilst wages remained the same  Some targets exceeded but fundamental  Sov
People’s Enterprises made up 75% problems such as pressure on workers, long sup
industry; private enterprises scaled hours and lack of consumer goods
down to small-scale, specialist  Insufficient investment in modern technology
production; expansion of heavy  Emphasis on quantity over quality = unlikely
industry struggled due to shortages of to be any penetration into Western markets
tech and equipment; impressive miner
Hennecke was to be emulated
2nd 5YP (1956-59)
 ‘Modernisation, Mechanisation and Automation’ – focused more on   Only 9% industrial production was private in 
consumer goods, improving living standards and development of nuclear 1961; 1/3rd craft workers under state control
energy by 1960 (6% rise from 1958)
 Centralised control tightened by SED in 1958; 50% incentive for transforming
firms into People’s Enterprises
7YP (1959-65)

 Targets included increase of almost 200% in  Impact on living standards was undermined by  Integrated GDR’s economy more with USSR

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