AICE Thinking Skills Flaws Definitions || with Complete
Solutions.
Appeal to Popularity correct answers Uses the popularity of a conclusion just to justify it.
Appeal to History correct answers Uses past examples and cases to predict the future, i.e.
because something has always happened it will continue to happen.
Appeal to Tradition correct answers Justifies a conclusion because it's traditional, i.e. because it
has been done in a certain way in the past it should continue to be done that way.
Appeal to Authority correct answers Uses an authority figure's view to justify a conclusion
Appeal to Emotion correct answers Occurs when someone tries to convince another person by
evoking their feelings rather than providing evidence. With the appeal to emotion fallacy, people
accept a claim as true because they react emotionally to it.
Straw Man correct answers Occurs when an arguer 'misses the point', distorts or exaggerates an
opposing argument
Necessary and Sufficient
Conditions correct answers -Necessary condition must be true in order for an event to happen.
-Sufficient condition is a condition which, if true, guarantees an event will happen.
Flaw of Causation / Post Hoc Fallacy correct answers Correlation not causation. Committed by
reasoning that because two events happen together there is a direct link between the two
Attacking the Arguer
(Ad Hominem) correct answers Occurs if the argument attacks the person rather than the reasons
in the opposing argument
Circularity correct answers Uses a conclusion as one of its reasons so the argument goes around
in circles getting nowhere
Begging the Question correct answers when you use the point you're trying to prove as an
argument to prove that very same point. Rather than proving the conclusion is true, it assumes it.
It's also called circular reasoning.
Two wrongs don't make a
right correct answers Justifies a bad action on the basis that another bad, but different action is
accepted
Tu Quoque correct answers Attempt to justify a wrong action on the basis that someone or
everyone else is doing it too.
Solutions.
Appeal to Popularity correct answers Uses the popularity of a conclusion just to justify it.
Appeal to History correct answers Uses past examples and cases to predict the future, i.e.
because something has always happened it will continue to happen.
Appeal to Tradition correct answers Justifies a conclusion because it's traditional, i.e. because it
has been done in a certain way in the past it should continue to be done that way.
Appeal to Authority correct answers Uses an authority figure's view to justify a conclusion
Appeal to Emotion correct answers Occurs when someone tries to convince another person by
evoking their feelings rather than providing evidence. With the appeal to emotion fallacy, people
accept a claim as true because they react emotionally to it.
Straw Man correct answers Occurs when an arguer 'misses the point', distorts or exaggerates an
opposing argument
Necessary and Sufficient
Conditions correct answers -Necessary condition must be true in order for an event to happen.
-Sufficient condition is a condition which, if true, guarantees an event will happen.
Flaw of Causation / Post Hoc Fallacy correct answers Correlation not causation. Committed by
reasoning that because two events happen together there is a direct link between the two
Attacking the Arguer
(Ad Hominem) correct answers Occurs if the argument attacks the person rather than the reasons
in the opposing argument
Circularity correct answers Uses a conclusion as one of its reasons so the argument goes around
in circles getting nowhere
Begging the Question correct answers when you use the point you're trying to prove as an
argument to prove that very same point. Rather than proving the conclusion is true, it assumes it.
It's also called circular reasoning.
Two wrongs don't make a
right correct answers Justifies a bad action on the basis that another bad, but different action is
accepted
Tu Quoque correct answers Attempt to justify a wrong action on the basis that someone or
everyone else is doing it too.
