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Bio 1500 Final Exam (Questions & Answers) Rated 100%
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chloroplasts - -contain the pigment chlorophyll -chlorophyll absorbs red, blue, & violet light ATP - -used to transport E around cells -chemical E stored in the bonds -important bonds between 2nd and 3rd phosphate group -going to lower energy state breaks bonds and releases the energy each mo...

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  • August 24, 2024
  • 16
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers

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  • bio 1500

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  • Bio 1500
  • Bio 1500

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PatrickKaylian

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Bio 1500 Final Exam (Mizzou)
chloroplasts - -contain the pigment chlorophyll

-chlorophyll absorbs red, blue, & violet light



ATP - -used to transport E around cells

-chemical E stored in the bonds

-important bonds between 2nd and 3rd phosphate group

-going to lower energy state breaks bonds and releases the energy



each molecule during diffusion - -moves randomly

-behavior unpredictable

-each individual molecule never stops moving



dragon fly size - -high O2 levels in carboniferous allowed them to grow big

-later in history predators constrained the max size



O2 levels in atomosphere - cyanobacteria and green algae chloroplasts contributed.... through
photosynthesis



oldest fossils - 3.5-4 bya



1st insects - 480 mya



1st dinosaurs - 240 mya



dinosaurs go extinct - 66 mya

,1st homosapiens - 200k ya



diffusion - mvmt of molecules from high to low concentration

-driven by Brownian (thermal) mvmts



net movement of molecules in diffusion - -from high to low conc.

-predictable

-stops when it reaches equlibrium



Photosynthesis - -light energy is used to make carbs from CO2 and water

-takes place in chloroplasts



step 1 of photosynthesis - -light reactions

-ATP is synthesized, NADPH is generated

-water is split apart, releasing O2 as a by product



step 2 of photosynthesis - -light independent reactions

-E from ATP & NADPH are used to build glucose from CO2 & water (Carbon Cycle)



Great Oxygenation Event - -3 -2.3 bya

-cyanobacteria evolved photosynthesis

-free O2 as a side effect... led to some O2 levels in atmosphere



O2 accumulation in atmosphere - -minerals formed (ex: banded iron ore)

-ozone layer formed (protection from UV light)

-free O2 toxic to cells

-O2 reacted with methane.... led to snowball ice age

-prokaryotes evolved ways to use O2... evolution of cellular respiration

, Evolution - -a change in allele frequencies in a population

-natural selection is one of the mechanisms



gene - -a segment of DNA w/ instructions for building a protein molecule

-specifies the sequence of amino acids that makeup the protein



alleles - -different possible forms of the same gene

-differ in DNA sequence & in protein structure they code for

-may be many alleles for same gene

-any 1 person can have max of 2 different alleles



Natural Selection - -phenotypes are variable in population

-offspring have similar phenotype as parents

-mutations occur randomly, but doesn't create new alleles

-natural selection not goal directed



Postulates of natural selection - 1. individuals vary in their traits

2. some of the variation is heritable (can be passed to offspring)

3. more offspring are produced than survive to reproduce

4. survival & reproduction are non random; those w/ favorable traits reproduce most & pass their genes
on

-favorable traits become more common



population - group of organisms that breed w/ each other



phenotype - observable traits



fitness - ability to survive & reproduce in an environment

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