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Summary Geography A Level: Migration: Patterns of major migration

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These Geography A-Level notes on Patterns of Major Migration offer a comprehensive overview of significant global migration flows. The notes cover key migration routes, historical and contemporary trends, and the factors driving these movements. Perfect for students aiming to understand the complex...

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  • August 25, 2024
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  • 2022/2023
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Europeon Emigration
In the 19th and 20th Century there was mass migration from Europe mostly to th Americas,
with roughly 60 million people migrating out of Europe in the 19 th Century. Roughly 71% of
these people went to North America and 21% went to Latin America with rest going to other
countries aroun the world. Despite there being a he influx of people in to the United States
they formed quite a small percentage of the US population. However immigration into
Argentina meant that by 1914 over 30% of the population was foreign born.
From 1880 to 1925, 2.8 million European Jews immigrated to the United States. This
emigration, mainly from communities in areas of the Russian Empire, began as far back as
1821, but did not become especially noteworthy until after German immigration fell off in
1870. Though nearly 50,000 Jews went to the United States during the succeeding decade, it
was not until the anti-Jewish uprisings in Russia, of the early 1880s, that the immigration
assumed extraordinary proportions. From Russia alone the emigration rose from an annual
average of 4,100 in the decade 1871–80 to an annual average of 20,700 in the decade
1881–90. Antisemitism and official measures of persecution over the past century combined
with the desire for economic freedom and opportunity have motivated a continuing flow of
Jewish immigrants from Russia and Central Europe over the past century.
However, anti-immigration feelings growing in the United States at this time resulted in
the National Origins Quota of 1924, which severely restricted immigration from many
regions, including Eastern Europe. The Jewish community took the lead in opposing
immigration restrictions. In the 1930s they worked hard to allow in Jewish refugees from
Nazi Germany. They had very little success; the restrictions remained in effect until 1965,
although temporary opportunities were given to refugees from Europe after 1945.

Migration Form Russia to Siberia in the 1940s
Population movement in the Soviet Union was the forced transfer, by the Soviet
government of various groups, from 1930 up to 1952 ordered by Soviet leader Joseph Stalin.
People may be classified into the following broad categories: deportations of "anti-Soviet"
categories of population, deportations of entire nationalities, labour force transfer, and
organized migrations in opposite directions to fill ethnically cleansed territories.
In most cases they were deported, to underpopulated remote areas. This includes
deportations to the Soviet Union of non-Soviet citizens from countries outside the USSR. It
has been estimated that, overall internal forced migrations affected at least 6 million
people. Of this total, 1.8 million kulaks, peasants in the Russian Empire, were deported in
1930–31, 1.0 million peasants and ethnic minorities in 1932–39, however about 3.5 million
ethnic minorities were further resettled during 1940–52. According to Russian records there
were roughly 400,000 deaths of people deported during the 1940s. However, Nicholas
Werth, a French historian estimated overran deaths as a result of deportation of over a
million.

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