Other

A/A* Student's Essay Plans to Russia 20 mark questions (A-Level History, Unit 2C.2, Russia in revolution , Pearson Edexcel)

0 purchase

Module
Unit 2C.2 - Russia in revolution, 1894-1924

Institution
PEARSON (PEARSON)

This document provides a set of essay plans for responses to past paper questions (complete with criteria, numerous factors, a line of argument, and detailed evidence) for the Unit 2C.2 'Russia in revolution '. These essay plans can serve as a guide for anyone looking to understand how to write a L...

[Show more]

Preview 2 out of 9 pages

View example

Uploaded on August 30, 2024
Number of pages 9
Written in 2023/2024
Type Other
Person Unknown

jessicamaimoore Member since 5 months 2 documents sold

See physical folder for 7 plans

How far was political unrest the most important consequence of Nicholas II's autocratic rule in the
period 1894-1905?

LoA: yes
Point 1: yes - 1905 revolution and role of St P Soviet in strikes
Point 2: yes - forced to make political concessions
Point 3: no - social and economic impact - peasant grievances of strip farming etc and disorder in
black earth region, pop growth

'Opposition to Tsarism had little impact on Tsarist rule in the period prior to the 1905 revolution.' -
How far do you agree?

LoA: yes
Point 1: no - St P Soviet arranged strikes, liberal banquet campaign, army mutinies etc
Point 2: yes - divisions between liberals and socialists, SRs and Marxists, zemstvo liberals, Bs and Ms
Point 3: yes - social factors and repression (political parties illegal etc…, peasants)

How accurate is it to say that the 1905 revolution was a turning point in Nicholas II's reign 1894-
1914?

LoA: no
Criteria: concessions were weak and undermined by Fundamental Laws, peasants and rural workers
continued to suffer and rebel (Lena Goldfields Massacre 1912)

Para 1 - yes - led to concessions BUT
 Jan = announced inquiry into grievances of St P factory workers
 Feb = announced an elected assembly be established to be consulted before new laws
(Dumas)
 August Manifesto - Duma drawn up by Bulygin = purely consultive, complex electoral system
favours peasants and landowners (minorities, urban workers and intelligentsia didn't get the
vote)
 Appeased some ultra-moderate liberals
 October manifesto - general strike led to Witte advising military rule or concessions ->
guaranteed basic freedoms, Duma power to approve laws, right to vote to all classes ->
ended strike
 Appeased Octobrists and ended strike
 Successes of Dumas:
o 1st Duma 1906 - attempted to pass resolution for full democratisation, amnesty for
political prisoners and land reform
o 2nd Duma 1907 - scrapped '05 electoral law (workers, minorities and nobility = 1%
pop but over 50% Duma rep vs peasants = 80% pop but 1/5 Duma rep), violated
fundamental laws
 1905 announcement that redemption payments would be halved in 1906 and ended 1907
BUT: inquiry of St P factory never happened, Duma was manipulated to rep gov aims (not big
change), 1906 Fundamental laws hugely limited Dumas, 1st and 2nd Dumas failed (1st = boycotted
by SRs, Ms and Bs, called for gov to resign and was dissolved; 2nd = left wouldn't support Stolypin's
land reforms and was dissolved on pretext of B treason), redemption payment changes had little
impact

, Para 2 - no - concessions were ineffective and undermined
 Fundamental laws April 1906:
o Constitution, violated Oct manifesto
o Article 4 = Tsar's autocratic power
o Defense and foreign affairs = outside Duma jurisdiction
o Article 87 = new laws without approval when not in session
o Dissolve whenever and appoint/dismiss ministers
o Unelected counter-weight = Imperial State Council (Tsar picks 1/2)
o Emergencies = suspended all rights
 Freedom of political parties still restricted:
o Leaders subject to repression - arrested or driven into exile - Trotsky and St P Soviet
sentenced to lifetime exile in Siberia
o Targeted when 2d Duma dissolved 1907
o Arrest of Bs due to 'incitement of army mutinies'
o B, M, SR activists arrested (2000 in one province)
 Union of Russian People and the Black Hundred (gov secretly financed right)

Para 3 - no - nothing changed in the countryside and peasant rebellion continued
 Whilst in the original voting system put forward in the October manifesto peasants were
granted 32.3% of the vote weight, in the changes made under the 2nd Duma the peasants
were granted a much smaller percentage of 1/5 of the vote weight (was this due to the tsar
or the political parties? and does this matter in answering the question?
 Still issues with national minorities like Poland
 Land hunger -> peasant disorder: strikes, and seizures, attacks on manor houses, terrorist
attacks 1905-1907
 1906-07 = over 4000 died
 1st reaction = force - Dornovo began pacification 1905 and ordered the army to areas of
unrest, killings and beatings - 15,000 deaths and 20,000 wounded and 45,000 exiled to
Siberia
 Lena Goldfields Massacre 1912:
o Served rancid horsemeat to workers, harsh environment, poor conditions
o Strike, demand 30% wage increase, 8h day, better medical care
o Unproductive -> troops arrest leaders
o March for release of leaders in April
o 90 soldiers open fire on 3000 - 160 killed and 200 wounded, almost 10,000 leave
o Mass protests across Russia

How accurate is it to say that Nicholas II's reactionary policies weakened the government of Russia
in the years 1884-1905?

LoA: can argue ether way
Point 1: yes - August and October manifestos
Point 2: no - successes of August and October manifestos? (appeased ultra-moderates, Octobrists,
link to Dumas???)
Point 3: yes - Russo-Japanese war
Point 4: no - opposition and lack of tsar's response weakened gov - bloody Sunday and political
opposition

How significant were the Fundamental Laws in the survival of the Tsar's autocracy in the years
1906-14?

The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.

Quick and easy check-out

You can quickly pay through credit card for the summaries. There is no membership needed.

Focus on what matters

Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!

Frequently asked questions

What do I get when I buy this document?

You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.

Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?

Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.

Who am I buying these notes from?

Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller jessicamaimoore. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.

Will I be stuck with a subscription?

No, you only buy these notes for £7.66. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.

Can Stuvia be trusted?

4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)

68175 documents were sold in the last 30 days

Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy revision notes and other study material for 15 years now

Start selling

Other

A/A* Student's Essay Plans to Russia 20 mark questions (A-Level History, Unit 2C.2, Russia in revolution , Pearson Edexcel)

Document information

Subjects

Written for

Seller

Reviews received

Content preview