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Saylor Academy Psych101 Questions and Answers
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Eugenics o :## The science of improving a human population by controlled breeding to increase the occurrence of desirable heritable characteristics. Developed largely by Francis Galton as a method of improving the human race, it fell into disfavor only after the perversion of its doctrines b...

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  • September 2, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
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Saylor Academy Psych101 Questions and
Answers
Eugenics


o :## The science of improving a human population by controlled breeding to

increase the occurrence of desirable heritable characteristics. Developed largely by

Francis Galton as a method of improving the human race, it fell into disfavor only

after the perversion of its doctrines by the Nazis.

Genomic imprinting


o :## Phenomenon by which certain genes are expressed in a parent-of-origin-

specific manner. If the allele inherited from the father is imprinted, it is thereby

silenced, and only the allele from the mother is expressed. If the allele from the

mother is imprinted, then only the allele from the father is expressed.

Functionalism


o :## Suggests that cognitive processes were governed by the function of the mind;

focused on the utility of consciousness and considers mental life and behaviour in

terms of active adaptation to the person's environment.

Structuralism


o :## Theory of consciousness developed by Wilhelm Wundt and his mentee Edward

Bradford Titchener which attempted to understand the mind as the sum of varying

underlying parts. Proposes that consciousness is best understood through the

systematic study of the anatomy of the brain

Developmental noise

,2024/2025 2|Page


o :## A concept within developmental biology in which phenotype varies between

individuals even though both the genotypes and the environmental factors are the

same for all of them; human fingerprints provide a well-known example; the

fingerprints differ even between genetically identical human twins.

Gene-environment interaction


o :## Genes are not "set in stone; the expression of genes in an organism can be

influenced by the environment, including the external world in which the organism

is located or develops, as well as the organism's internal world, which includes such

factors as its hormones and metabolism.

Polygenic


o :## Traits that are controlled by multiple genes and/or influenced by the

environment, such as height, skin color, eye color, weight

Pure experiment


o :## Type of experimental design thought to be the most accurate type of

experimental research. Also thought to be the only experimental design that can

establish cause and effect relationship. Three criteria must be met in a true

experiment: 1) Control group and experimental group, 2) Researcher-manipulated

variable, 3) Random assignment

Nature vs. Nurture Debate


o :## The nature vs. nurture debate is an ongoing one. The modern debate often

centers around the effect genes have on human personalities as opposed to the

influences that early environment and development might have.

Negative correlation

, 2024/2025 3|Page


o :## When two variables have an inverse relationship; as one variable increases, the

other decreases.

Psychoanalysis


o :## Aims to treat mental disorders by investigating the interaction of conscious and

unconscious elements in the mind and bringing repressed fears and conflicts into

the conscious mind by techniques such as dream interpretation and free

association.

Cognitivism


o :## Study focusing on mental processes, including how people perceive, think,

remember, learn, solve problems, and direct their attention to one stimulus rather

than another. Psychologists working from a cognitivist perspective, then, seek to

understand cognition.

Q: What famous psychologist decided nearly 100 years ago that psychology should be

defined as the scientific study of behavior?


o :## Watson

Q: Schizophrenia is a mental illness which


o :## Affects about 1% of the population

Q: A study of how adults respond to a new therapy has a group with the new therapy fully

implemented, a group with the new therapy partially implemented, a group with the new

therapy not implemented at all, and a group considering implementation of the new

therapy. Which group would be best described as the control group?

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