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Honors Chemistry Final Exam Quizlet Guaranteed A+ Atom ️The basic unit of a chemical element. Molecule ️Two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds Physical change ️A change of matter from one phase to another without a change in chemical properties (melting, freezing, boiling, ...

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  • September 3, 2024
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Honors Chemistry Final Exam Quizlet Guaranteed A+


Atom ✔️The basic unit of a chemical element.



Molecule ✔️Two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds



Physical change ✔️A change of matter from one phase to another without a change in chemical
properties (melting, freezing, boiling, condensing, dissolving)



Phase change ✔️A change from one state (solid or liquid or gas) to another without a change in
chemical composition



Chemical change ✔️A change that produces matter with a different composition than the original
matter, aka different properties (evolution of gas, color change, formation of a precipitate,
release/absorption of energy)



Qualitative data ✔️Descriptive data: Information describing color, odor, shape, or some other physical
characteristic



Quantitative data ✔️Numerical data: Information associated with mathematical models and statistical
techniques used to analyze spatial location and association.



Observation vs. Inference ✔️Observation = information gathered by the five senses

Inference = logical explanation for an observation based on prior knowledge, context, etc



SI base units ✔️mass- kg or g

length- m

time- s

temp- K or C

amount of substance- mol

,electrical current- A (ampere)

luminous intensity - candela (cd)



*make sure you know the metric conversions (kilo, centi, milli, etc)



Temperature ✔️The average kinetic energy of particles making up an object (Fahrenheit is NOT used in
chemistry)



Density Formula ✔️Density = mass/volume



Accuracy vs. Precision ✔️Accuracy = how close experimental value is to accepted value

Precision = how closely measured values agree with each other



How to calculate percent error ✔️I (measured value - accepted value) / accepted value x 100 I



The "I" means absolute value btw :)



Significant figures 😬👎❌ ✔️The digits in a measurement that were actually measured



Rules:

*all non zero digits are significant (2.3 = 2 sig figs)

*all "captive" zeros are significant (2022 = 4 sig figs, 5000.1 = 5 sig figs)

*leading zeros are NOT significant (0.0012 = 2 sig figs, 00123 = 3 sig figs)

*Zeros at the end of a number, or "trailing zeros", are not significant UNLESS it is a decimal (230 = 2 sig
figs, 23.0 = 3 sig figs)



Scientific Notation ✔️Numbers expressed with one digit left of the decimal point and multiplied by a
power of ten

, When the number is above zero, the power of ten will be positive. When the number is less than zero,
the power of ten will be negative



In a calculation with different decimal placements, the answer is rounded to the least number of sig figs

(ex: A = b x h -> A = 10.513m x 8.78m -> A = 92.3m^2



Dimensional analysis ✔️The conversion of measurements to different units using conversion factors

ex: 6.25 days x (24 hours/1 day) = 150. hours



How to measure graduated cylinders ✔️The smaller the cylinder gets, the more precise the
measurements get/the more decimal places you include



(someone fact check me on this plz 🙏)



Matter ✔️Anything that has mass and takes up space



Phases of Matter ✔️1. solid

2. liquid

3. gas

4. plasma (but we don't talk about her )



Compound ✔️A substance made up of atoms of two or more different elements joined by chemical
bonds



Pure substance ✔️Only 1 kind of atom/molecule

*elements

*compounds (2+ atoms bonded)



Mixtures ✔️More than one atom/molecule

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