100% satisfaction guarantee Immediately available after payment Both online and in PDF No strings attached
logo-home
Previously searched by you
Previously searched by you
logo
Summary - Unit 2 - Cells £4.16
Add to cart
Quickly navigate to
Preview
  2.  
  3. AQA
  4.  
  5. A Level Biology
  6.  
  7. Unit 2 - Cells

Summary

Summary - Unit 2 - Cells
 0 purchase
  • Institution
  • AQA

This comprehensive set of A-Level Biology notes is meticulously crafted to provide students with essential information and streamlined content that reinforces understanding of key concepts

Preview 4 out of 32  pages

Document information

  • September 7, 2024
  • 32
  • 2024/2025
  • Summary

Subjects

Written for

All documents for this subject (290)

Seller

avatar-seller
sanhiahussain

Content preview

AQA A Level Biology


Topic 2 Cells
Model answer notes by @biologywitholivia



Topic Sub-topic Understand Memorise Practise


2.1 Cell 2.1.1 Structure of eukaryotic cells
structure
2.1.2 Structure of prokaryotic cells and of viruses


2.1.3 Methods of studying cells


2.2 2.2 All cells arise from other cells
All cells arise
from other cells Required practical 2


2.3 2.3 Transport across cell membranes
Transport
across cell Required practical 3

membranes
Required practical 4


2.4 2.4 Cell recognition and the immune system
Cell recognition
& the immune
system

,AQA A Level Biology Topic 2 Cells stan.store/biologywitholivia


2.1 Cell structure
2.1.1 Structure of eukaryotic cells
What are the distinguishing features of eukaryotic cells?

● Cytoplasm containing membrane-bound organelles
● So DNA enclosed in a nucleus



Describe the general structure of eukaryotic cells




Algal and fungal cells are similar to plant cells. See differences above.


Describe the structure of the cell-surface membrane




More detail covered in 2.3 Transport across cell membranes.


Describe the function of the cell-surface membrane

● Selectively permeable → enables control of passage of substances in / out of cell
● Molecules / receptors / antigens on surface → allow cell recognition / signalling




2

,AQA A Level Biology Topic 2 Cells stan.store/biologywitholivia

Describe the structure of the nucleus




Describe the function of the nucleus

● Holds / stores genetic information which codes for polypeptides (proteins)
● Site of DNA replication
● Site of transcription (part of protein synthesis), producing mRNA
● Nucleolus makes ribosomes / rRNA



Describe the structure of a ribosome
● Made of ribosomal RNA and protein (two subunits)
● Not a membrane-bound organelle


Describe the function of a ribosome

Site of protein synthesis (translation)



Describe the structure of rough (rER) & smooth endoplasmic reticulum (sER)




Describe the function of rER and sER

rER ● Ribosomes on surface synthesise proteins
● Proteins processed / folded / transported inside rER
● Proteins packaged into vesicles for transport eg. to Golgi apparatus

sER ● Synthesises and processes lipids
● Eg. cholesterol and steroid hormones




3

, AQA A Level Biology Topic 2 Cells stan.store/biologywitholivia

Describe the structure of Golgi apparatus and Golgi vesicles




Describe the function of Golgi apparatus and Golgi vesicles

Golgi ● Modifies protein, eg. adds carbohydrates to produce glycoproteins
apparatus ● Modifies lipids, eg. adds carbohydrates to make glycolipids
● Packages proteins / lipids into Golgi vesicles
● Produces lysosomes (a type of Golgi vesicle)

Golgi ● Transports proteins / lipids to their required destination
vesicles ● Eg. moves to and fuses with cell-surface membrane



Describe the structure of lysosomes




Describe the function of lysosomes

● Release hydrolytic enzymes (lysozymes)
● To break down / hydrolyse pathogens or worn-out cell components



Describe the structure of mitochondria




Describe the function of mitochondria

● Site of aerobic respiration
● To produce ATP for energy release
● Eg. for protein synthesis / vesicle movement / active transport



4

The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.

Quick and easy check-out

Quick and easy check-out

You can quickly pay through credit card for the summaries. There is no membership needed.

Focus on what matters

Focus on what matters

Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!

Frequently asked questions

What do I get when I buy this document?

You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.

Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?

Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.

Who am I buying these notes from?

Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller sanhiahussain. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.

Will I be stuck with a subscription?

No, you only buy these notes for £4.16. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.

Can Stuvia be trusted?

4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)

68175 documents were sold in the last 30 days

Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy revision notes and other study material for 15 years now

Start selling
£4.16
  • (0)
Add to cart
Added