A* Condensed Alevel Psychology revision notes for Paper 1 Attachment including essay plans organised into AO1 and AO3 as well as colour coded evaluation and explanations for each subtopic specified my the updated AQA specification.
,Caregiver - Infant Interactions
Interactional Synchrony - IN SYNC
Reciprocity - RESPOND
● Caregiver and baby reflect and copy
● Caregiver and infant use verbal and facial actions/emotions in a coordinated way
expressions to take turns to respond to Meltzoff and Moore
and elicit a response
● Model displayed 3 hand gestures and 3
Feldman and Eidelman facial expressions to baby
● Blind Ps rated baby was copying the
● Found mothers responded to their baby’s model suggesting this behaviour is
alertness ⅔ of the time deliberate
● They later found this in 3 day old babies
Brazelton and mums suggesting this behaviour is
innate
● Called reciprocity interactions a ‘dance’
Isabella et al.
where both can initiate interactions and
take turns ● Found the more securely attached the
infant the greater level of IS observed
, Abravanel and Deyong - support Murray and Trevarthen - support
● Infants 5-12 weeks did little to imitate ● Babies shown a video of their mothers not
objects simulating movement responding and became distressed and
● Shows IS/R are deliberate and specific turned away
social responses for human attachment ● Suggests baby has an active role in
initiating interactions for a response
Heimann - support
Random movement - criticism
Found infants who show imitation from birth
have more positive attachments in the future ● Babies have little control of their muscles
cannot even sit up by themselves so
Shows IS/R are specific and special interactions
seeming responses could be random and
to help babies form attachments
not deliberate
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