Lecture notes

Lectures notes - Ischaemic Heart Disease

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Module
Cardiovascular System

Institution
University Of Leicester (LE)

These lecture notes are a comprehensive educational resource designed for medical students and healthcare professionals. It provides a detailed overview of Ischaemic Heart Disease (IHD), focusing on the pathophysiology, risk factors, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management based on the Nat...

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Uploaded on September 20, 2024
Number of pages 4
Written in 2020/2021
Type Lecture notes
Professor(s) Lisa quinn
Contains All classes

medical student notes
ischaemic heart disease
guideline specific
thorough notes
cardioloy
cardiology exam prep
heart disease
myocardial infarction
easy to follow notes
up to date notes
one stop resour

Ischaemic Heart Disease (IHD) Overview

Ischaemic Heart Disease (IHD), also known as coronary artery disease (CAD), is characterised by
reduced blood flow to the heart muscle, typically due to atherosclerosis in the coronary arteries. This
can lead to symptoms such as angina or myocardial infarction (MI)

Pathophysiology

Atherosclerosis: The narrowing of coronary arteries by plaque formation (cholesterol, lipids, and
fibrous tissue) reduces oxygen supply to the heart muscle.

Ischaemia: Reduced blood flow causes myocardial ischemia. Prolonged ischemia can lead to
irreversible myocardial damage (myocardial infarction).

Plaque Instability: Plaques may rupture, leading to thrombus formation, causing sudden blockage of
the coronary artery and acute coronary syndrome (ACS).

Risk Factors

According to NICE, risk factors include:

Modifiable:

Smoking

Hypertension

Dyslipidemia (high LDL, low HDL)

Diabetes

Sedentary lifestyle

Poor diet (high in saturated fat, low in fiber)

Obesity

Non-Modifiable:

Age: Risk increases with age.

Gender: Males are at higher risk; post-menopausal women have similar risks.

Family History: A strong predictor of premature IHD.

Clinical Presentation

IHD typically presents as stable angina, unstable angina, or myocardial infarction.

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