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AQA PSYCHOLOGY: SELF REPORTS EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS LATEST UPDATE
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  • AQA PSYCHOLOGY
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  • AQA PSYCHOLOGY

Self-report A self-report is any method that involves asking a P about their feelings, attitudes, beliefs and so on. Examples of self-reports are questionnaires and interviews. Self-reports are often used as a way of gaining Ps' responses in observational studies and experiments. Questionnaire Q...

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  • September 28, 2024
  • 8
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers

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  • self report a self report is any method that invol

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  • AQA PSYCHOLOGY
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AQA PSYCHOLOGY: SELF REPORTS EXAM QUESTIONS

AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS LATEST

UPDATE


Self-report


A self-report is any method that involves asking a P about their feelings, attitudes, beliefs and so on.

Examples of self-reports are questionnaires and interviews. Self-reports are often used as a way of

gaining Ps' responses in observational studies and experiments.


Questionnaire


Questionnaires are a type of self-report method that consist of a set of questions usually in a highly

structured written form. Questionnaires can contain both open questions and closed questions and Ps

record their own answers.


Interview


Interviews are a type of spoken questionnaire where the interviewer records the responses. Interviews

can be structured with a predetermined set of questions or unstructured where no questions are

decided in advance.


Strengths of using self-report method


It allows Ps to describe their own experiences rather than inferring this from observation. Questionnaires

and interviews are often able to study large samples of people fairly easy and quickly. They are able to

, examine a large number of variables and can ask people to reveal behaviour and feelings which have

been experienced in real situations.


Weaknesses of using self-report method


Ps may not respond truthfully, either because they cannot remember or because they wish to present

themselves in a socially acceptable manner. Social desirability bias can be a big problem with self-report

measures as Ps often answer in a way to portray themselves in a good light. Questions are not always

clear and we do not know if the respondent has really understood the question, so we would not be

collecting valid data (internal validity). If questionnaires are sent out, response rate can be very low.

Questions can often be leading questions, which force the respondent to give a particular reply.

Unstructured interviews can be very time consuming and difficult to carry out whereas structured

interviews can restrict the respondents' replies.


Social desirability bias


When people try to show themselves in the best possible way, so that when answering questions in

interviews or questionnaires they give answers that are socially acceptable but are not truthful.


Hawthorne effect


When people are aware that they are being studied, they are likely to try harder on tasks and pay more

attention.


Screw you effect


Guessing the purpose of the research and trying to annoy the researcher by giving the wrong results


Demand characteristics


Cues in the environment that help the participant work out what the research hypothesis is.

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