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AQA PSYCHOLOGY - FORENSIC PSYCHOLOGY EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS GRADED A++
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AQA PSYCHOLOGY - FORENSIC PSYCHOLOGY EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS GRADED A++ Offender profiling Turco: Biographical sketch gathered from information taken at a crime scene A behavioural and analytical tool used to help investigators accurately predict and profile the char...

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  • September 28, 2024
  • 17
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers

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  • aqa psychology forensic psychology exam question

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  • AQA PSYCHOLOGY
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AQA PSYCHOLOGY - FORENSIC PSYCHOLOGY EXAM

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE

SOLUTIONS GRADED A++


Offender profiling


Turco: Biographical sketch gathered from information taken at a crime scene

A behavioural and analytical tool used to help investigators accurately predict and profile the

characteristics of unknown criminals


Top-Down approach


- from the work of the USA FBI in the 1970s

- FBI gathered data from in depth interviews with 36 sexually motivated killers eg Ted Bundy

- Murderers and rapists are classified as either organised or disorganised

- Starts with the big picture and a pre-established typology and work down in order to assign offenders

to a category based on evidence


Organised offender


- Show evidence of having planned the crime in advance

- Victim is often targeted and fits a 'type'

- Above average IQ and socially / sexually competent

- Usually married with kids


Disorganised offender

,- Shows little evidence of planning

- Impulsive act

- Little control exerted from the offender

- Be in unskilled work or out of work

- lower than average IQ

- tend to live alone and close to the crime scene


the four main stages in the top down approach


- Data assimilation (profiler reviews the evidence )

- Crime scene classification ( organised vs disorganised )

- Crime reconstruction ( hypotheses in terms of sequence of events and behaviour of victim )

- Profile generation

( hypothesis related to the likely offender )


Bottom - up approach


- British model does not begin with fixed typologies ( builds an individual profile)- David Canter

- creates a profile by making inferences from statistical analysis of details from the crime scene

compared to database of similar crimes and matching with statistical analysis of typical behaviour

patterns- investgative


Investigative psychology


Focuses onunderstanding and profiling criminals to assit with silving crimes and provide empirical

evidence- Canter

Characteristics can help to classify them and increases chance of apprehension


3 assumptions of investigative psychology

, - Interpersonal Coherence


(Consistency between the way offenders interact with victims and behaviour in everyday situations)


- Significance of Time and place


(Time and location may show something about the offender's place of residence- geographical profiling)


- Criminal characteristics/ Forensic Awareness


(Focuses on indivduals who have been subject to a police interrogation before so show awareness of

'covering their tracks' eg clean up a crime scene)


Geographical profiling


Rossmo 1997: Geographical profiling: location info used to make inferences about likely 'operational

base' of an offender- called crime mapping


-Based on spatial consistency: create hypothesis about offenders thoughts thier modu operandi, centre

of gravity and jeopardy surface


Canters and Larkins (1993)


-'circle thoery' to grographically profile where a pattern of offending forms a circle around an offernders

base

- Proposed two distribution of offences desciptions:

- the MARAUDER

(Operates in close proximity to home base)

- the COMMUTER

(Travelled a distance from their usual residence)

-Offers insight into nature of offense (whether planned or opportunistic)

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