Matthew Lee
BTEC Level 3 National Foundation
Diploma in Sport
Unit 1 Assignment 1
Sports Leadership
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A Understand how personality, motivation and competitive pressure can affect sport
performance
,A1 Personality factors and assessment of personality
A2 Motivational factors
A3 Arousal – performance relationship theories under competitive pressure
A4 Stress, anxiety and sports performance under competitive pressure
A5 Self-confidence and sports performance under competitive pressure
A report on the different motivational factors that can be used by a coach via practical
application of personality tests which also details the effects of arousal, anxiety and
stress on sports performance and how self-confidence is important in the reduction of
anxiety levels.
B Examine the impact of group dynamics in team sports and its effect on performance
B1 Group processes
B2 Cohesion in effective group performance
B3 Leadership in creating effective groups
B4 Impact of processes, cohesion and leadership on a team and performance
B5 Measurement of the impact of processes, cohesion and leadership on a team and
performance using sociograms A report on group development, leadership factors and
the impact they may have on teams at different levels of sport, including use of
sociograms.
C Explore psychological skills training programmes designed to improve performance
C1 Psychological skills
C2 Designing a psychological skills training programme A psychological skills training
programme that describes different psychological training techniques.
Unit 6: Sports Psychology Learning aim C: Explore psychological skills training
programmes designed to improve performance.
,Psychological skills are important as psychological skill training programmes are
designed to improve performance in football. Football is considered a demanding sport
to maintain mental strength and wellbeing. I believe that for a footballer the correct
mindset is as important as the ability of the performer. Psychological skills are important
as they create mental preparation amongst football players which increases their
performance on the day. Effective psychological skill training programmes will increase
concentration and allow them to use Bandura’s self efficacy techniques by the
recognition of videos in their head which motivates them using similar situations where
they succeeded in the past. Psychological skills training is a systematic practice of
strategies. Many successful elite athletes use psychological skills to enhance their
performance
C1 Psychological skills
Introduction
Coaches, Trainers and Sports performers across the sports industry fail to realize the
true importance of sports psychology. Psychological skills training (PST) programmes
increase the sports performance of athletes as it creates mental preparedness through
increased attention spans and increased concentration. The 3 main phases of PST
programmes are education, acquisition and practice. Bob is a grassroots football player
at Hamstead Diamonds and this report is based around Bob.
Self talk in sports and exercise:
Self Talk
The main purpose of self talk is to increase confidence and control arousal. Self talk is
to convince the performer that you are good enough to perform well. Self talk helps
build self confidence and is done through phases like ‘Come on!’ or ‘You can do this!’. It
can be extremely effective especially when experiencing high arousal situations and
return back to optimum performance. For example, if a football player is having an
unsuccessful match where he loses the ball, gets tackled by defenders and dominated
by the opponent defense. Then using self talk he says to himself ‘Think back to a time
when you scored a hat trick’. You focus on dribbling the ball, using agility to beat the
defenders and effectively strike the ball with power. This could greatly improve his
performance by concentrating on successful previous performances rather than
being over aroused and focusing on the negative.
Types of self-talk - positive, negative.
Positive self talk
, Positive self-talk involves using optimistic, encouraging, and positive language to boost
confidence, motivation, and performance. Athletes who engage in positive self-talk
focus on reinforcing their strengths, building resilience, and maintaining a positive
mindset. Positive self-talk can enhance an athlete's belief in their abilities and increase
their resilience in the face of challenges. By maintaining a positive self-talk, athletes can
manage stress more effectively, stay focused on their goals, and bounce back from
setbacks more quickly. For example, Michael Phelps. The most decorated Olympian of
all time, is known for his use of positive self-talk to overcome challenges. He would
often repeat affirmations such as "I am the best" and "I can do this" to boost his
confidence before races. This positive mindset helped him stay composed and focused,
leading to his remarkable success in swimming. However, Positive self talk may not
work for everyone as Alex Hormozi says ‘you don't become confident by shouting
affirmations in the mirror, but by having a stack of undeniable proof that you are who
you say you are’
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w1aBZGtKUCI
https://www.cnbc.com/2018/12/20/michael-phelps-strategy-for-reaching-his-
goals.html#:~:text=%22I%20write%20my%20goals%20down,sees%20Phelps's
%20hand%2Dwritten%20goals.
Negative Self-Talk
Negative self-talk involves using pessimistic, self-critical, and inferior language that
undermines confidence, motivation, and performance. Athletes who engage in negative
self-talk may dwell on their mistakes, doubt their abilities, and anticipate failure.
Negative self-talk can destroy an athlete's confidence, increase anxiety, and hinder
performance. When athletes focus on self-doubt and criticism, they may become
distracted, tense, and less able to perform at their best. This type of self-talk can create
negative expectations and lead to poorer outcomes. Tennis legend, Serena Williams
has openly discussed her struggles with negative self-talk throughout her career. In
high-pressure moments, she would sometimes doubt her abilities and dwell on past
mistakes, which affected her performance on the court. Williams has since worked on
developing more positive self-talk strategies to overcome these challenges.
Overall, The type of self-talk athletes engage in can significantly impact their mindset,
emotions, and performance. This is because by adopting optimism, confidence, and
resilience, positive self-talk can enhance performance under pressure and allows for
greater enjoyment and satisfaction in sports. However, Conversely, negative self-talk
can undermine confidence, increase anxiety, and hinder performance. Athletes who
