Summary
Summary (MINDMAP) - Unit 1 - Biological molecules
- Institution
- AQA
Mindmap of summary notes for Unit 1 Biological Molecules (AlevelAQA), with diagrams, easy to understand.
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MONOSACCHARIDES :
-DISACCHARIDES : POLY SACCHARIDES : such as
glucose (Monosaccharide) it is a nexose
↳
&
monosaccharides joined it 6 E
↓ he m o n o m e rs ,
↑ wo the polymer , lots of repeating
- sugar bes made of
sing .
Sugar units . zgether, still generally sugars ·
Units
of
HA implest carbohydrates ca + omS .
CgHoOs =
PENTOSE
CARBOHYDRATES a re molecules comprised of carbon , hydrogen and b sing. Sugar units soluble in water so easily P CoH1206 =HEXOSE
M
·
in transported
Oxygen , there a re
s nbones t ransported organisms . Small enough to be easily
8
SUCROSE
-
:
LACTOSE :
condensation a c ro ss into
G
formed by condensation of a
formed by the cell membranes cells
& ucose molecule and a fructose molecule of a
glucose and galactose molecule. by carrier proteins .
disaccharides &
ofsavemom repeatingT
for med
a re a condensation reac tion b e t we e n 2
-carbohydrates
uninst
Proteins
monosaccharides
by the condensation of 2 for ms A Glycosidic
monosaccharides .
↑
MALTOSE :
formed by condensation band . - at
of
Has
two
2 Isomers
glucose
(x + B)
molecules .
same
monosatomers
S madea nucleic
& EXAMPLES
acids
:
DNA and
monosaccharides ,
RNA)
amino
MONOMERS : individual
acids and make
molecules
&
up a
that
polymer
↳NovoMESithesmallerunits
from n i s nucleotides
formulator
car bonydra + es
↑
+ dif ↑ & POLYMER : consists of many mono-
I
m↓ &
num
Po m e s : chemically
* are molecules made from a a m e rs bonded
B *
number of monomers bonded/joined together . together (similar , repeating) .
Eston
a re :
joins - m o l e cu l e s together with the formation a
S
& Proteins chemical bond and involves the elimination of a water
.
HYDROLYSIS :
chemical bond between two
molecules/molecule
atior ofmany polynucleotide
Py
acid breaks
amino
a a
go Carbon ,
nitrogenpeptide
hydrogen , and involves the use of a wa t e r molecule ·
&
I
S
Oxygen , JOINING MONOMERS TOGETHER : a chemical bond b e t we e n 2 m o n o m e rs by a
n u m m u r
EnuDE3) & phosphorus oxygen , nitrogen
* are often condensation reac tion . CONDENSATION REACTIONS remove a molecule of wa te r
7 nameWers,soming amica boudanother
6 IYCOGENt STARCH formed somers
betweeha
a re from and sulphur i of
dif
+20
group
+
condensation a-glucose If propts
&
the of .
each other . dif ,
the i may come from
&
CELLULOSE is for med from if Props variant names =
↓ & &*
B B MONOMERS :
the condensation of glucose .
=
hydroxi group is SEPERATING Polymers and other large molecules are broken
mmmmmmm
* basic struc ture and functions of above ,
a below .
down into smaller molecules such as monomers by HYDROLYSIS REACTIO
CHO
LYCERALDE
glycogen st a rc h and cellulose + 6 :
NS HYDROLYSIS REACTIONS require inser tion of
"hop
, .
the wa te r to
H
~
relationship of
-
>
_be to
struc ture to non e
"I
function in animal t plant cells .
H - OH
biochemical tests using bene
dicts solution & + 20H
4
reducing sugars
non reducing sugars .
iodine/KI
fo r st a rc h .
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