West Coast EMT Block 5 Exam

menstruation starts - 11-16 purpose of the amniotic sac - protect and insulate fetus during true labor, contractions: - increase in intensity and become closer together the end of the third trimester the baby sinks into the birth canal (lightening) which reliefs what of the mother - breathing what to do when there is a nuchal cord - try to pull around the baby's neck, if unsuccessful cut what to do in the case of a limb presentation - cover the limb and transport the mother supine, head down, pelvis elevated only 2 times that you put your gloved hand into a woman's vagina - breech birth and prolapsed cord requirements for a baby to be premature - under 36 weeks or less that 5 pounds grunting in children is - attempt to keep alveoli open by increasing pressure in the chest cavity don't access BP in children under - 3 PAT - allows you to forms a general impression of the child quickly and visually NPAs are rarely used in - infants under 1 what happens in an NPA is too long - stimulate the vagus nerve, slows HR, enters esophagus and causes gastric distention most common S&S of head injury in children - nausea and vomiting the umbilical cord has - 2 arteries and 1 vein priority after child is born - airway, then keep warm and dry respiratory rate of infant 1 month to 1 year - 30 to 60 respiratory rate of toddler 1 to 3 years - 24 to 40 respiratory rate of preschool 4 to 5 years - 22 to 34 respiratory rate of school 6 to 12 years - 18 to 30 respiratory rate of adolescent 13 to 18 years - 12 to 16 pulse rate of newborn to 3 months - 85 to 205 pulse rate of 3 months to 2 years - 100 to 190 pulse rate of 2 years to 10 years - 60 to 140 pulse rate of over 10 year olds - 60 to 100 A 26-year-old female presents with heavy vaginal bleeding. She is conscious, but restless. Her blood pressure is 84/54 mm Hg, her pulse is 120 beats/min and weak, and her respirations are 22 breaths/min with adequate depth. She tells you that she inserted a tampon about 2 hours ago. You should: A. administer high-flow oxygen, ask her to remove the tampon, perform a detailed secondary assessment, and transport promptly. B. administer high-flow oxygen, place a sterile pad over her vagina, keep her warm, elevate her lower extremities, and transport without delay. C. administer high-flow oxygen, perform a detailed assessment of her vaginal area for signs of trauma, place her on her side, and transport. D. assist her ventilations with a bag-valve mask, place one sterile dressing into her vagina, perform a rapid secondary assessment, and transport. - B. administer highflow oxygen, place a sterile pad over her vagina, keep her warm, elevate her lower extremities, and transport without delay A patient with pelvic inflammatory disease will typically complain of _________. A. bleeding associated with stress B. abdominal pain associated with menstruation C. aches and fever associated with urination D. nausea and vomiting associated with intercourse - B. abdominal pain associated with menstruation Causes of vaginal bleeding include which of the following? A. Ectopic pregnancy B. Vaginal trauma C. Spontaneous abortion D. All of these answers are correct. - D. All of these answers are correct. During gynecologic emergencies, in addition to the standard SAMPLE questions, the EMT should attempt to determine which of the following? Select one: A. The amount of time since of the patent's last menstrual cycle B. The possibility that the patient may be pregnant C. If the patient is sexually active D. All of these answers are correct. - D. All of these answers are correct. In anticipation of receiving a fertilized ovum, the lining of the uterine wall: Select one: A. sheds and is expelled externally. B. thins and begins to separate. C. becomes engorged with blood. D. diverts blood flow to the vagina. - C. becomes engorged with blood. In cases of sexual assault, it is important to ensure that you do which of the following? Select one: A. Immediately write down your observations of the scene before assessing the patient. B. Call for a female EMT or ALS care provider. C. Discuss with law enforcement any suspicions that you may have about the perpetrator. D. All of these answers are correct. - D. All of these answers are correct. In contrast to bleeding caused by external trauma to the vagina, bleeding caused by conditions such as polyps or cancer: Select one: A. is typically not as severe. B. often presents with acute pain. C. can be controlled in the field. D. may be relatively painless. - D. may be relatively painless. It is common for young females who experience their first menstrual period to: Select one: A. become so emotionally distraught that they contemplate suicide. B. have a false positive home pregnancy test result. C. lose up to 500 mL of blood within the first 24 hours. D. experience abdominal cramping, which may be misinterpreted. - D. experience abdominal cramping, which may be misinterpreted. Law enforcement personnel request your assistance to assess a 31-year-old female who was sexually assaulted. When you arrive at the scene, you find the patient sitting on a curb outside her apartment. She is conscious, alert, and crying. When you ask her what happened, she tells you that she does not want to be treated or transported to the hospital. She further tells you that all she wants to do is clean up. You should: Select one: A. provide emotional support and visually assess her for obvious trauma. B. advise her that she cannot clean herself up because this will destroy evidence. C. perform a limited hands-on assessment to detect life-threatening injuries. D. ask her if there is anyone you can contact, such as a friend or relative. - A. provide emotional support and visually assess her for obvious trauma. Patient complaints of pain during intercourse, lower abdominal discomfort, and nausea may be indicative of which of the following? Select one: A. Chlamydia B. Gonorrhea C. Pelvic inflammatory disease D. Bacterial vaginosis - C. Pelvic inflammatory disease Some women experience ___________ during ovulation. Select one: A. hypotension B. severe bleeding C. severe abdominal pain D. slight cramping - D. slight cramping The __________ and _________ are folds of tissue that surround the urethral and vaginal openings. Select one: A. labia majora; labia minora B. vagina; cervix C. perineum; anus D. fallopian tubes; uterus - A. labia majora; labia minora he _____________ connect(s) each ovary with the uterus. Select one: A. fallopian tubes B. cervix C. egg D. abdomen - A. fallopian tubes The EMT should ensure that vaginal bleeding is _________. Select one: A. taken seriously and the patient is transported for gynecologic evaluation B. controlled directly by the patient C. not caused by traumatic injury D. severe enough to warrant transport - A. taken seriously and the patient is transported for gynecologic evaluation The physical examination of a sexual assault victim should be: Select one: A. limited to a brief survey for life-threatening injuries. B. as detailed as possible so all injuries can be documented. C. performed in the presence of at least two police officers. D. deferred until the patient can be evaluated by a physician. - A. limited to a brief survey for life-threatening injuries. When caring for a female patient who has been sexually assaulted, you should: Select one: A. allow law enforcement to take her statement before you begin treatment. B. advise her that she will not be allowed to shower or change her clothes. C. ask the patient for a concise, detailed report of what happened to her. D. place any bloodstained clothing or other articles in separate paper bags. - D. place any bloodstained clothing or other articles in separate paper bags. Which of the following conditions would MOST likely lead to pelvic inflammatory disease if left untreated? Select one: A. Genital herpes B. Ovarian cysts C. Ectopic pregnancy D. Chlamydia - D. Chlamydia Which of the following drugs is commonly referred to as "roofies"? Select one: A. MDMA B. Rohypnol C. Ketamine D. GHB - B. Rohypnol Which of the following infections, when left untreated, may lead to infection of the blood and brain? Select one: A. Bacterial vaginosis B. Gonorrhea C. Chlamydia D. Pelvic inflammatory disease - B. Gonorrhea While the ages can vary, women typically experience menstruation from approximately _________ to ____________ years of age. Select one: A. 11; 50 B. 20; 60 C. 10; 70 D. 10; 40 - A. 11; 50 A 26-year-old female who is 34 weeks pregnant is experiencing a seizure. Her husband tells you that her blood pressure has been high and that she had been complaining of a headache for the past few days. You should: Select one: A. administer oral glucose for presumed hypoglycemia and transport. B. insert an oral airway and ventilate her with a bag-valve mask. C. place her on her side, administer high-flow oxygen, and transport. D. elevate her legs to improve brain perfusion and keep her warm. - C. place her on her side, administer high-flow oxygen, and transport. A history of pelvic inflammatory disease or tubal ligations increases a woman's risk for: Select one: A. preeclampsia. B. gestational diabetes. C. an ectopic pregnancy. D. placenta previa. - C. an ectopic pregnancy. A mother who is pregnant with her first baby is typically in the first stage of labor for approximately: Select one: A. 4 hours. B. 8 hours. C. 10 hours. D. 16 hours. - D. 16 hours. A nuchal cord is defined as an umbilical cord that: Select one: A. is wrapped around the baby's neck. B. has abnormally developed blood vessels. C. has separated from the placenta. D. is lacerated due to a traumatic delivery. - A. is wrapped around the baby's neck. A pregnant trauma patient may lose a significant amount of blood before showing signs of shock because: Select one: A. pregnant patients can dramatically increase their heart rate. B. pregnancy causes vasodilation and a lower blood pressure. C. blood is shunted to the uterus and fetus during major trauma. D. pregnant patients have an overall increase in blood volume. - D. pregnant patients have an overall increase in blood volume. By the 20th week of pregnancy, the uterus is typically at or above the level of the mother's: Select one: A. pubic bone. B. superior diaphragm. C. xiphoid process. D. belly button. - D. belly button Common interventions used to stimulate spontaneous respirations in the newborn include all of the following, EXCEPT: Select one: A. some form of tactile stimulation. B. thorough drying with a towel. C. positive-pressure ventilations. D. suctioning of the upper airway. - C. positive-pressure ventilations. During your visual inspection of a 25-year-old woman in labor, you see the baby's head crowning at the vaginal opening. What should you do? Select one: A. Maintain firm pressure to the head until it completely delivers. B. Place your fingers in the vagina to assess for a nuchal cord. C. Apply gentle pressure to the baby's head as it delivers. D. Tell the mother not to push and transport her immediately. - C. Apply gentle pressure to the baby's head as it delivers. Following delivery of a full-term baby, you have properly cared for the baby and have clamped and cut the umbilical cord. During transport, you note that the mother is experiencing moderate vaginal bleeding. You should: Select one: A. firmly massage the uterine fundus with a circular motion. B. carefully insert a sterile trauma dressing into her vagina. C. elevate her legs 6 to 8 inches and cover her with a blanket. D. place her legs together and position her on her left side. - A. firmly massage the uterine fundus with a circular motion. From what internal female organ is the fetus expelled during delivery? Select one: A. Uterus B. Vagina C. Cervix D. Perineum - A. Uterus If a baby is born at 7:52, the second Apgar score should be calculated at: Select one: A. 7:57. B. 7:59. C. 8:00. D. 7:53. - A. 7:57. The amniotic fluid serves to: Select one: A. assist in fetal development. B. remove viruses from the fetus. C. insulate and protect the fetus. D. transfer oxygen to the fetus. - C. insulate and protect the fetus. The presence of meconium in the amniotic fluid indicates: Select one: A. an expected finding in full-term infants. B. that the fetus is at least 4 weeks premature. C. that the baby's airway may be obstructed. D. that full newborn resuscitation will be needed. - C. that the baby's airway may be obstructed. Three days after delivering her baby, a 30-year-old woman complains of a sudden onset of difficulty breathing. Her level of consciousness is decreased and she is tachycardic. The EMT should suspect: Select one: A. intrauterine bleeding. B. pulmonary embolism. C. spontaneous pneumothorax. D. acute pulmonary edema. - B. pulmonary embolism. When determining the frequency of contractions, you should time the contractions from the: Select one: A. end of one to the start of the next. B. end of one to the end of the next. C. start of one to the end of the next. D. start of one to the start of the next. - D. start of one to the start of the next. When preparing a pregnant patient for delivery, you should position her: Select one: A. on her left side with the right leg elevated. B. in a supine position with her legs spread. C. on a firm surface with her hips elevated 2 to 4 inches. D. in a sitting position with her hips elevated 12 inches. - C. on a firm surface with her hips elevated 2 to 4 inches Which of the following questions is of LEAST pertinence when determining whether a mother will deliver her baby within the next few minutes? Select one: A. "Is this your first baby?" B. "When are you due?" C. "Have you had a sonogram?" D. "Do you feel the need to push?" Incorrect - C. "Have you had a sonogram?" You and your partner are both male and are attending to a 28-year-old female patient complaining of diffuse abdominal pain. The patient is 34 weeks pregnant with her first child. The patient refuses to allow you to examine her, and her husband informs you that their culture does not allow males to examine or care for pregnant women. You should: Select one: A. respect the patient's wishes, ensure that the appropriate documentation is completed, and transport the patient. B. inform the patient that by calling for an ambulance, she is agreeing to the care provided and continue with your assessment and management. C. call for the police to ensure that patient assessment is carried out. D. insist that the patient requires proper care and that requires an adequate physical assessment and that you cannot be responsible for the outcome. - A. respect the patient's wishes, ensure that the appropriate documentation is completed, and transport the patient. You are attending to a 23-year-old female patient who is 16 weeks pregnant with her second child. The patient has apparently fallen and sustained an injury to her upper right arm. When you ask about the incident history, the patient is reluctant to explain what happened and becomes very quiet. Based on this information, you should: Select one: A. ask more detailed questions and press the issue until you have a more detailed understanding of the incident. B. contact police and remain at the scene until they arrive and escort you to the hospital. C. immediately remove the patient from the environment and transport. D. continue your care in a private area, document any details regarding the scene and the incident, and reassure her as you provide care. - D. continue your care in a private area, document any details regarding the scene and the incident, and reassure her as you provide care Your 22-year-old patient is in active labor. Upon visual inspection, you note that the infant's leg is protruding from the vagina. Appropriate management of this situation includes: Select one: A. carefully attempting to push the infant's leg off of the umbilical cord. B. gently pulling on the infant's leg in an attempt to facilitate delivery. C. placing the mother in a recumbent position and rapidly transporting. D. placing the mother supine with her head down and pelvis elevated. - D. placing the mother supine with her head down and pelvis elevated.