Exam (elaborations)

GIS Exam 1 Questions and Answers 2024/2025

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Module
GIS

Institution
GIS

Geospatial Technology  Geospatial technology is a collective term used to describe the integrated use of geographic information systems,remote sensing, global navigation satellite systems, digital cartography and Internet mapping. What is GIS?  -definition: A geographic information sys...

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gis exam 1 questions and answers
geospatial technology geospatial technology is a

Institution GIS
Module GIS

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GIS Exam 1 Questions and Answers
2024/2025
Geospatial Technology

 Geospatial technology is a collective term used to describe the integrated use of
geographic information systems,remote sensing, global navigation satellite systems,
digital cartography and Internet mapping.

What is GIS?

 -definition: A geographic information system is a computer system* designed to
manage and analyze spatial
data, where spatial data can be any data that are tied to places or geographic coordinates.

*the five components of a computer system include:

--1) hardware, 2) software, 3) data, 4) people, and 5) work flow procedures

-to manage and analyze spatial data, a GIS has six major functions.

--GIS software provides users with the ability to: 1) capture, 2) store, 3) manipulate, 4)

query,

--5) analyze and 6) display spatial data (know these six main functions).

Origins of GIS

 -the Canadian Geographic Information System (CGIS) was the first operational GIS
--developed in the early 1960's, the era of mainframe computers

--the system was designed to inventory land use and assist in the management of natural

resources

--Roger Tomlinson is considered the "father of GIS" for his role in the development of the CGIS

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Esri Software History

 -in this class we will use GIS software products developed by Esri
--original name: Environmental Systems Research Institute

--then the company became known as ESRI and now the name is simply Esri

--Esri is a privately owned software company owned by Jack and Laura Dangermond

--headquarters located in Redlands, California - regional offices throughout the U.S. and the

world

ARC/INFO

 - prior to the summer of 2001 ESRI had two main software products
--ARC/INFO - a professional GIS originally developed in the 1970's

---a command-line software package - very powerful but difficult to use

ArcView

 ArcView - a desktop GIS developed in the 1990's
--original version was developed as a viewer (for data analyzed in ARC/INFO)

--throughout the 1990's ArcView evolved into a fairly powerful desktop GIS

--the software was easy to use and had a nice graphical user interface

ArcGIS

 -in the summer 2001 - ESRI introduced ArcGIS (a suite of GIS software programs)
--ArcGIS consists of two application programs: ArcMap and ArcCatalog

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--ArcMap is used for data analysis and to create map products- ArcCatalog is used for file

management

- ArcGIS can be licensed at three levels with increasing functionality

- the three license levels of ArcGIS 10 are called Basic, Standard, and Advanced

- as you move from Basic to Standard to Advanced, the software includes more tools

(functionality)

- main advantage: user interface is the same across the Basic, Standard, and Advanced

versions

- there are also dozens of extensions available for core ArcGIS software

- some of the extensions are licensed and some are free

- some common extensions include: Spatial Analyst, Network Analyst, 3D Analyst, etc

- these extensions add specialized tools (functionality) to the core software

How does a GIS work?

 - a GIS operates on the premise that all of the features in the real world can be
represented by:
--points (e.g. wells, landmarks, cities on a world map)

--lines (e.g. roads, rivers, pipelines, transmission lines)

--polygons (e.g. soils, vegetation types, land-use parcels, counties, states)

--surfaces (e.g. elevation, temperature, barometric pressure)

---note: how features are represented (as points, lines or polygons) depends upon the scale of

the map

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