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People, Politics and Participation (Electoral Systems and Pressure Groups) £7.99
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  7. Unit 1 GOVP1 - People, Politics and Participation

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People, Politics and Participation (Electoral Systems and Pressure Groups)

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A strong overview of Electoral Systems and Pressure groups, with contemporary and older examples to support your argument. Well-written, concise and interesting. Hopefully these are as much use to you as they were to me, and can help further your understanding of these topics.

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  • January 15, 2020
  • 6
  • 2017/2018
  • Study guide

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Electoral Systems: Revision notes
Key Concepts Content and arguments
FPTP Is Westminster’s current voting system
AMS effective?
AV What is the fairest voting system?
STV Is reform necessary?
Regional Party List. Should referendums be used more widely?
What is ‘First Past the Post’: First past the post is also referred to as the Single-Member Plurality
System and it is the most important voting system in the UK as it is used in the House of Commons. It
is a constituency system (there are 650 in total). Electoral Commissions decide the boundary. You
select a candidate to be your MP on a constituency basis, getting one vote, and marking an ‘X’ in the
chosen candidates’ box. It works to create a simple majority and form strong constituency links.

PROS CONS
 Not as many radical parties in Parliament  It punishes smaller parties, e.g. the Green
as concentrated support is necessary, this Party. They have 1 seat in Parliament
is one of the benefits of a two party (Caroline Lucas, Brighton) despite
system often created by FPTP. gaining 4.2% of the vote. There is
 It almost always creates a stable systematic bias.
government as opposed to coalitions,  Although it often produces a majority,
meaning that one party with a manifesto the majority doesn’t necessarily have a
to which they’re held accountable mandate. In 2015, only 24% of people
governs rather than two parties with less eligible to vote actually voted
of a mandate. Conservative.
 It is easy to understand in comparison to  You need concentrated support to gain
many other voting systems, especially seats, as opposed to widespread, UKIP
those such as AMS which allow for more has 1MP for 3M votes and Conservatives
than one vote. have 1MP for every 34,000 votes.
 We had a vote to change to a different  It doesn’t always produce a majority, for
voting system (AV) and 67.8% voted in example the 2010 Coalition or 1979 Jim
favour of no, suggesting that the voting Callaghan.
system is more than satisfactory and  ‘It is outdated’ Nigel Farage, for more
therefore does not require change. pluralist society with lots of different
 It provides a good constituent link views. Many people don’t feel
between the electorate and MPs. Often represented.
constituents form relationships with their  Because it is done on a constituency
MPs, attending surgeries and being basis, this can lead to heartlands and safe
comfortable going to them with seats, such as Maidenhead, Theresa
grievances. However, if the system was May’s constituency.. This leads to voter
more proportional it could lead to poor apathy and therefore diminishes the
relationships between constituents and validity of elections.
their MPs as MPs would be more likely  Fails to establish a reliable link between
to be parachuted in. proportion of votes and seats gained e.g.
in 1974 Labour won but got fewer votes.
 Lack of political education in safe seat
constituencies as funding goes into
marginal seats. Luton South got 22x
more money spent campaigning than
Bootle.
 Artificial Landslides = false mandate.
Tory 142 seat majority in 1983 despite
support falling 0.5%.

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