Anatomy and Physiology (A&P) Opener
Exam Elaboration Questions and
Answers |100% Correct| 2024/2025
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Describe the role of epithelial tissue in the human body.
Epithelial tissue covers body surfaces, lines cavities, and forms glands, providing protection,
absorption, and secretion functions.
What is the primary function of the skeletal system?
The skeletal system provides structural support, protects internal organs, stores minerals, and
facilitates movement through attachment points for muscles.
Explain the process of cellular respiration in human cells.
Cellular respiration is the process by which cells convert glucose and oxygen into energy
(ATP), water, and carbon dioxide, primarily occurring in the mitochondria.
How does the cardiovascular system contribute to homeostasis?
The cardiovascular system maintains homeostasis by circulating blood, delivering oxygen
and nutrients to cells, and removing waste products like carbon dioxide and metabolic
byproducts.
What is the role of the liver in the body’s metabolism?
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, The liver plays a crucial role in metabolism by processing nutrients, detoxifying harmful
substances, and producing bile for fat digestion.
Describe the structure and function of a neuron.
A neuron consists of a cell body, dendrites, and an axon. It transmits electrical impulses
throughout the nervous system, allowing for communication between the brain and the rest of the
body.
What is the function of the endocrine system?
The endocrine system regulates body functions by producing and secreting hormones, which
control processes like growth, metabolism, and reproductive functions.
How do bones contribute to the production of blood cells?
Bones, specifically the bone marrow, produce blood cells in a process called hematopoiesis,
where red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets are generated.
Describe the function of the integumentary system.
The integumentary system, which includes the skin, hair, and nails, protects the body from
external harm, regulates temperature, and prevents water loss.
What role does the diaphragm play in respiration?
The diaphragm contracts and flattens during inhalation, creating a vacuum that allows air to
flow into the lungs. It relaxes during exhalation, pushing air out of the lungs.
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, Explain the sliding filament theory in muscle contraction.
The sliding filament theory describes how actin and myosin filaments in muscle fibers slide
past one another during contraction, shortening the muscle and generating force.
What is the primary function of red blood cells in the human body?
Red blood cells transport oxygen from the lungs to tissues throughout the body and carry
carbon dioxide back to the lungs for exhalation.
Describe the process of osmosis in cells.
Osmosis is the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of
low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration, helping to balance fluid levels
within the cell.
How do the kidneys regulate fluid balance in the body?
The kidneys regulate fluid balance by filtering blood, removing waste, and adjusting the
volume of water excreted in urine, ensuring proper hydration and electrolyte levels.
Explain how hormones influence the body’s response to stress.
Hormones like cortisol and adrenaline are released during stress, increasing heart rate, blood
pressure, and energy availability, preparing the body for a fight-or-flight response.
What is the function of synovial fluid in joints?
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