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Hematology MLT-MLS UAMS Practice Exam (100% Correct) Graded A+ |Verified|

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Hematology MLT-MLS UAMS Practice Exam (100% Correct) Graded A+ |Verified| What are the characteristic findings in peripheral blood smears of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)? Peripheral blood smears in CLL typically show an increased number of small, mature lymphocytes...

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  • October 20, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
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Hematology MLT-MLS UAMS Practice
Exam (100% Correct) Graded A+
|Verified|
What are the characteristic findings in peripheral blood smears of patients with chronic lymphocytic
leukemia (CLL)?

Peripheral blood smears in CLL typically show an increased number of small, mature
lymphocytes, often with a characteristic “smudge cell” appearance due to fragility.



Explain the significance of hemoglobin A1c in monitoring diabetes-related anemia.

Hemoglobin A1c reflects the average blood glucose levels over the past two to three months and
can help identify anemia associated with diabetes, as chronic hyperglycemia can lead to glycation of
hemoglobin.



What are the potential complications of iron overload in patients receiving frequent blood transfusions?

Iron overload can lead to organ damage, particularly in the liver, heart, and endocrine organs,
resulting in conditions such as hemochromatosis, heart failure, and diabetes due to excess iron
deposition.



How does vitamin K deficiency manifest in coagulation tests?

Vitamin K deficiency typically leads to prolonged prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial
thromboplastin time (aPTT), reflecting deficiencies in clotting factors II, VII, IX, and X that require vitamin
K for synthesis.



What is the purpose of performing a direct Coombs test in hemolytic anemia?

The direct Coombs test detects the presence of antibodies or complement proteins bound to the
surface of red blood cells, helping to determine if the hemolytic anemia is immune-mediated.



How does the presence of heparin affect coagulation tests?

Heparin prolongs the aPTT by inhibiting thrombin and factor Xa, which can complicate the
interpretation of coagulation tests if not appropriately accounted for in a clinical setting.


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,What are the clinical features of aplastic anemia?

Aplastic anemia is characterized by fatigue, weakness, increased susceptibility to infections, and
bleeding tendencies due to the failure of bone marrow to produce sufficient blood cells.



Explain the mechanism of action of anticoagulants like warfarin.

Warfarin works by inhibiting vitamin K epoxide reductase, which is crucial for the synthesis of
vitamin K-dependent clotting factors, thus preventing the formation of clots.



How does a high reticulocyte count assist in diagnosing hemolytic anemia?

A high reticulocyte count indicates that the bone marrow is actively producing new red blood
cells in response to anemia, supporting the diagnosis of hemolytic anemia as the body attempts to
compensate for red cell loss.



What factors can cause microcytic anemia aside from iron deficiency?

Microcytic anemia can also be caused by thalassemia, chronic disease, lead poisoning, and
sideroblastic anemia, each of which affects hemoglobin synthesis differently.



How does the presence of blast cells in peripheral blood indicate leukemia?

The presence of blast cells in peripheral blood indicates a disruption in normal hematopoiesis,
suggesting acute leukemia, where immature blood cells proliferate uncontrollably.



What is the relationship between sickle cell trait and disease?

Individuals with sickle cell trait carry one copy of the mutated gene but typically do not exhibit
symptoms of sickle cell disease, although they can pass the trait to offspring and may experience
complications under extreme conditions.



How does high altitude affect erythropoiesis?

High altitude stimulates erythropoiesis through increased production of erythropoietin in
response to lower oxygen levels, leading to a higher red blood cell count as the body compensates for
reduced oxygen availability.



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, What are the potential causes of thrombocytosis?

Thrombocytosis can result from reactive causes such as infection, inflammation, or iron
deficiency, as well as from myeloproliferative disorders, which lead to increased platelet production.



Explain how chronic inflammation can lead to anemia of chronic disease (ACD).

Chronic inflammation triggers the release of cytokines that suppress erythropoiesis and lead to
sequestration of iron, resulting in ACD, where red blood cell production is impaired despite adequate
iron stores.



What are the common laboratory tests used to assess hemostasis?

Common laboratory tests for assessing hemostasis include prothrombin time (PT), activated
partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), platelet count, and specific factor assays to evaluate different
pathways of the coagulation cascade.



How do genetic mutations affect the development of hemoglobinopathies?

Genetic mutations in the globin genes alter the structure of hemoglobin, leading to disorders
such as sickle cell disease and thalassemia, affecting oxygen transport and causing various clinical
symptoms.



What is the clinical significance of monitoring lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels in hemolytic
conditions?

Elevated LDH levels in hemolytic conditions indicate increased tissue breakdown and are used as
a marker for hemolysis, helping differentiate between hemolytic anemia and other causes of anemia.



What role does the spleen play in the maintenance of red blood cells?

The spleen filters the blood, removing old or damaged red blood cells, and helps recycle iron and
other components for new red blood cell production.



What is the significance of the D-dimer test in clinical practice?

The D-dimer test is significant for diagnosing thromboembolic disorders, such as deep vein
thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, as it measures fibrin degradation products that are elevated in
such conditions.



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