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PADM 5400 UNT MPA Comp Exam Questions & Answers 2024/2025
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PADM 5400 UNT MPA Comp Exam Questions & Answers 2024/2025 What is government's role in society? - ANSWERSGovernment provides the goods and services to the public that they cannot provide for themselves. It also serves as a regulator agency that maintains order for the day to day operations and...

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  • October 23, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
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PADM 5400 UNT MPA Comp Exam
Questions & Answers 2024/2025

What is government's role in society? - ANSWERSGovernment provides the goods and services to the
public that they cannot provide for themselves. It also serves as a regulator agency that maintains order
for the day to day operations and functions of society



Private market doesn't provide the goods and services that the public market does because there is not
profit to be made. Private market calculates success based on the profits earned from the sales of goods
and services.



Additional revenue earned by the public sector is deposited into funds to be used to finance additional
projects.



Four types of goods and services - ANSWERSExcludable, non-excludable, rivalrous, non-rivalrous



Organized into a matrix grading them on their 'rivalry' referring to a good or service consumption in
which the value is assumed to be based on whether only one person can consume it & its 'excludability'
referring to whether or not someone can be excluded from a good or service if they do not pay



Non-rivalrous and non-excludable: Pure public good

Non-rivalrous and excludable: Toll good

Rivalrous and non-excludable: Common pool resources

Rivalrous and excludable: pure private good



Three functions of a budget - ANSWERSFinancial - accountability and transparency of government



Policy - list of priorities, what is important, what we are going to do

,Management - process that must be manages, way to hold employees accountable, monitor the org,
performance management



Public/nonprofit sector budget process vs. private sector - ANSWERS"Good" budgeting in
public/nonprofit orgs

1. Transparency

2. Accountability

3. Performance measures

4. Citizen input



Private budget documents are:

1. Simpler

2. Not as concerned about accountability

3. Have fewer performance measures

4. Have a broad outline of what they think they're going to do

5. More flexibility

6. Less transparency

7. Less outside input



Line item budgeting (late 19th century) - ANSWERSResponse to excesses of political machines that
controlled many governments



Format shifted power away from political bosses to legislative bodies, which were more accountable to
voters



Still most widely used format



Zero-based budgeting (1970s) - ANSWERSResponse to pressure to limit government spending



Focuses on inputs, organizing them into decision packages that

, reflect varying levels of effort and cost:

1. Base-level package - meets only basic service needs

2. Current services package - ensures delivery of services at

current level

3. Enhanced package - allows decision unit to extend

services to currently unmet needs



Target-based budgeting (1980s) - ANSWERSIntended to simplify budget prep, mitigate interdepartmental

conflict, and reduce gamesmanship in prep of budget requests



Budget offices gives each dept a maximum dollar figure for its

budget request



Budget office bases targets for each dept on rev estimates for next fiscal year and on any changes in
priorities communicated by policymakers



Performance budgeting (1950s, 1990s) - ANSWERSResponse to line-item budgeting providing no info on
outputs or level of efficiency



Program budgeting (1960s) - ANSWERSResponse to performance budgeting not addressing whether a
program is necessary or how best to allocate limited resources among competing purposes



Sought to interject policy analysis into fundamental budgetary decision making



Steps:

1. Organizes activities into programs (activities or services with a common goal)

2. Identifies alternatives for achieving each goal

3. Determines costs and benefits of each alternative

4. Selects the alternative that maximized net benefits

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