Study guide
Rivers
- Institution
- CIE
Full in-depth study notes for both years, all colour-coded. CIE IGCSE Geography Notes I achieved a 9 with these notes !! Only a fiver ;) Paper 1 - Theme 2: The Natural Environment
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RiversThe Hydrological Cycle
- The continuous movement of water through the land, oceans and atmosphere.
- Sun and Gravity fundamental drivers
- The hydrological cycle is known as closed system because water cannot be added or
lost.
Outputs Transfers Inputs Stores
1. Evaporation - Water from rivers, lakes and oceans turn into water vapour
2. Transpiration - Liquid water evaporating from vegetation
3. Condensation - Water vapour cools down and forms clouds.
4. Precipitation - Water falls from the sky as rain, snow, sleet and hail
5. Interception - Vegetation prevents surface run-off by collecting water e.g. leaves
6. Surface run-off - Water travels across the surface of the earth
7. Infiltration - Water travels from the surface of the earth into the ground beneath.
8. Percolation - Water travels from soil layers to rock layers
9. Groundwater - Water that is stored in rock layers
10. Groundwater flow - The movement of water through rock layers to the sea
11. Throughflow - The movement of water through soil layers to the sea
12. Surface storage - Water that is held on the surface of the earth e.g. lake
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