Exam (elaborations)

ACS BIOCHEMISTRY EXAM Questions and Correct Answers the Latest Update

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Module
ACS

Institution
ACS

Henderson-Hasselbach Equation pH = pKa + log ([A-] / [HA]) FMOC Chemical Synthesis Used in synthesis of a growing amino acid chain to a polystyrene bead. FMOC is used as a protecting group on the N-terminus. Salting Out (Purification) Changes soluble protein to solid precipitate. Protein ...

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acs biochemistry exam questions and correct answer

Institution ACS
Module ACS

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ACS BIOCHEMISTRY Questions
and Correct Answers the Latest
Update
Above the Tm Cholesterol:

✓ decreases fluidity by limiting the free rotation of bulky Fatty acid side chains with its
bulky structure, effectively decreasing entropy.

Below the Tm Cholesterol:

✓ increases the fluidity by preventing the Fatty Acid side chains from packing in.

Membrane Transport

✓ Diffusion, Pore Facilitated Diffusion, Carrier Protein Facilitated transport, active
transport

Diffusion Equation

✓ ΔG=RTln(C2/C1)+ZFΔΨ

Increased charge decreases diffusion

✓ smaller neutral molecules diffuse:CO2, NO,CO, H2O

Charged things do not diffuse

✓ ...

Pore Facilitated Transport:

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✓ Ions and Glucose

larger pores are made from α helices

✓ because β barrels are to small

Aquaporins

✓ mostly alpha shape, allows water to move very quickly compared to diffusion

carrier protein facilitated transport

✓ very slow, inefficient but allows mucho control

Active Transport

✓ moves stuff from low to high concentration gradient

Active transport mechanism

✓ 1.3 Na bind 2. Mg 2+ binds to ATP limiting free rotation of the beta and gamma
phosphates increasing the electrophilicity of the gamma phosphate 3. ATP binds,
opening the pump to the outside of the cell, releasing sodium, closes sodium binding
site 4. structural rearrangement-close Na+, open K+ 5. Structural Change, Allows
Phosphate to be hydrolyzed.

Primary active transport

✓ up the gradient with direct breakdown of ATP

Secondary active transport

✓ glucose, sodium

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Nucleotide Functions

✓ 1.Builds DNA and RNA 2. biological energy 3. cellular messaging, secondary
messages 4. building blocks for coenzymes 6. alllosteric affector

nucleic acid stability and bioenergetics

✓ the natured state is energetically favored because the hydrogen bonds hold the bases
together adding osmolarity, and the base rings do pi stacking, causing a van der waals
induced dipole, also allows dna to exist with the phosphates spaced enough to
minimize electrostatic repulsions.

DNA absorbs strongly at 260 nm

✓ ...

Hypochromism

✓ -less light is absorbed when the DNA/Protein is folded
✓ -as proteins unfold, the side chains can absorb the light better

The concentration of G and C changes with each genus,

✓ the Tm can aid in identifying unknown bacterial species

DNA replication

✓ occurs a lot in the skin, GI and marrow but not much in other places

non coding

✓ introns (98.5%)

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coding

✓ exons (1.5%)

Topoisomerase

✓ unwinds the chromatin structure (tertiary)

Helicase

✓ unwinds the helix (secondary)

RNA primase

✓ synthesizes RNA primers necessary to the chemistry of replication

single stranded binding proteins (ssbp)

✓ stabilize the single strand by blocking hydrogen bonding. small cationic proteins that
stabilize the negatively charged phosphate back bone
✓ stop DNA from rewinding

DNA replicase

✓ enzyme that produces DNA chains

Ligase

✓ links okazaki fragments

proof reading enzymes

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