Detailed notes of all theories in the Hazards topic of AQA A-level geography, organised in order of the syllabus. All theory is also supported with examples and contextual information. The required case studies are;
Volcanic Eruption - Eyjafjallajökull Iceland 2010
Earthquake - Nepal April 20...
1. Hazard Perception:
a. Wealth → HICs and wealthier people are often less vulnerable BUT their possible
losses are greater
b. Experience → previous experience can cause people to think it won’t occur again OR
they could be fatalistic
c. Education → hazards will be perceived differently based on a person’s knowledge of
the risks
d. Religion/Beliefs → many people believe hazards are God’s will → they are fatalistic
2. Response Types:
a. Fatalism → the view that hazards are uncontrollable → accepting of fate
b. Adaptation → changing lifestyle practices to reduce vulnerability and live around the
hazard
c. Prediction (e.g seismic monitoring)
d. Mitigation (preparedness) → strategies to reduce the impacts (eg. sandbags for
flooding, evacuation etc.)
e. Prevention → strategies to reduce the change of a hazard (eg. controlled burning to
prevent large wildfires)
3. Hazard Models:
a. The Park Model
Benefits:
- It considers time frame
- It is visual
- It considers the QofL and compares it to the normal QofL
- Detailed step by step displays a recovery progress
- It can easily be adapted to different hazards
Limits:
- Linear which is unrepresentative of reality (it ignores secondary hazards)
- It doesn’t consider the severity of the hazard when determining the
neccessary recovery time
b. Hazard Management Cycle
Benefits:
- Cyclical which is representative of hazard reality
, - T he before and after stages act as a guide to help structure management
efforts
Limits:
- V ariable effectiveness
- It’s oversimplified
Landforms at Plate Margins
onstructive (divergent) - plates move apart or diverge
C
Destructive (convergent) - plates move together or converge
Collision - destructive margin with two continental plates
Conservative (transform) - plates sliding past each other
1. Constructive Plate Margins:
A) Ocean Ridge eg. Mid-Atlantic Ridge
B) Rift Valley eg. East African Rift Valley
) Island Arcs eg. Japan
B
C) Volcanoes (see diagrams above)
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller anayap187. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for £10.49. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
