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NCLEX Cheat Sheet Schizophrenia
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1. Pathophysiology & Assessment Schizophrenia is a chronic condition caused by dysregulation of dopamine  Alters thoughts and perception of reality  Significant alterations in behavior and functional impairment y Symptoms begin in the late teens to early adulthood and progress to acute ...

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  • November 18, 2024
  • 5
  • 2024/2025
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  • nclex cheat sheet schizophrenia

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Schizophrenia
1. Pathophysiology & Assessment
Schizophrenia is a chronic condition caused 1. Ensure safety:
by dysregulation of dopamine  Alters
thoughts and perception of reality  Significant  Altered perception of reality impairs judgment 
alterations in behavior and functional Safety risk
impairment  Assess for warning signs of violence:
 Symptoms begin in the late teens to early Assess the content of hallucinations by
adulthood
asking, “What are you hearing or seeing?”
and progress to acute psychosis.
Command hallucinations that tell client to
Having a first-degree relative with the
harm self or others
diseaserisk.
 Symptoms are classified as positive or negative Signs ofagitation (pacing, shouting)
 Assess for suicidal ideation.
(TABLE 1).
 Clients with schizophrenia are at
2. Interventions risk for suicide (see “DEPRESSION & SUICIDE”
CHEAT SHEET).
Interventions for schizophrenia focus on:
1. Ensuring safety
 2. Reinforcing reality
3. Using therapeutic communication
4. Maintaining a calm and structured environment



TABLE 1. SYMPTOMS OF SCHIZOPHRENIA

Positive (+) Negative (-)

Extra symptoms not normally present
Absence of normal behaviors or functioning
(worse during acute psychosis)

 Delusions (false beliefs)  Catatonia (psychologically induced immobility)
 Paranoid: “Spies are watching me.”  The 6 As:
 Persecutory: “My food is being poisoned.”  Avolition (lack of motivation)
 Grandiose: “I am the chosen one.”  Anhedonia (inability to feel pleasure)
 Hallucinations (false sensory experiences:  Asocial behaviors (social withdrawal)
visual, auditory, gustatory, olfactory, or  Anergia (lack of energy)
tactile)  Alogia (limited speech)
 Disorganized thinking (fragmented, illogical, or  Apathy (lack of emotion)
difficult-to-follow thoughts)
 Mimicking movements (echopraxia) and
mimicking sounds or words (echolalia)


thinking) and negative symptoms (anhedonia,
Symptoms of schizophrenia include positive apathy, alogia).
symptoms (delusions, hallucinations, disorganized

, @ The nurse must assess for command hallucinations (pacing, shouting), which are warning
or increasing agitation signs

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