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Compiled CCNA 200-301 Bundled TEST BANK |Updated Questions| Expert Answers (100% Correct) 2025/2026 |VERIFIED| What is Software-Defined Networking (SDN)? Software-Defined Networking (SDN) refers to the physical separation of the network control plane from the forwarding plan...

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  • November 19, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
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Compiled CCNA 200-301 Bundled TEST
BANK |Updated Questions| Expert
Answers (100% Correct) 2025/2026
|VERIFIED|
What is Software-Defined Networking (SDN)?

Software-Defined Networking (SDN) refers to the physical separation of the network control plane
from the forwarding plane. In SDN, a centralized control plane manages multiple network devices,
allowing for dynamic, manageable, cost-effective, and adaptable networks that can be easily
programmed and adjusted.



What is FTP and its port number?

FTP, or File Transfer Protocol, is a standard network protocol used to transfer files between
systems over a TCP/IP network. It operates on ports 20 and 21, where port 20 is used for data transfer
and port 21 for control commands. FTP ensures reliability when loading an IOS image during system
boot-up.



What is SSH and its port number?

SSH (Secure Shell) is a cryptographic network protocol used to securely access remote computers
and transfer data. It operates on port 22 and provides a secure, encrypted communication channel over
an otherwise insecure network.



What is Telnet and its port number?

Telnet is a network protocol used to provide a command-line interface to remote computers. It
operates on port 23 and, although now largely replaced by SSH, was once widely used for remote
administration of systems.



What is SMTP and its port number?

SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) is a protocol for sending emails between servers. It operates
on port 25 and is a key protocol in email transmission, ensuring that email messages are routed from the
sender's email server to the recipient's.



1

,What is DNS and its port number?

DNS (Domain Name System) is the protocol used to translate human-readable domain names into
IP addresses. DNS operates on port 53 and is a critical part of the Internet's infrastructure, enabling web
browsing and other services to function smoothly.



What is HTTP and its port number?

HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) is the protocol used for transferring hypertext (such as web
pages) over the Internet. It operates on port 80 and is foundational for web browsing, allowing clients
(web browsers) to communicate with servers.



What is SNMP and its port number?

SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) is used for managing and monitoring network
devices, like routers, switches, and servers. It operates on port 161 and is essential for network
administrators to monitor the health and performance of networked devices.



What protocols are reliable, connection-oriented, and use TCP?

Protocols like FTP, SSH, Telnet, SMTP, DNS, HTTP, POP3, NTP, IMAP4, and HTTPS are reliable,
connection-oriented protocols that use TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) to ensure that data is
delivered accurately and in order.



What protocols are unreliable, connectionless, and use UDP?

Protocols like DNS, DHCP, TFTP, and SNMP are considered unreliable and connectionless because
they use UDP (User Datagram Protocol). UDP does not guarantee delivery, making these protocols faster
but less reliable than TCP-based protocols.



What is DHCP and its port number?

DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) automates the assignment of IP addresses to devices
on a network, eliminating the need for manual configuration. It operates on port 67, helping devices
obtain IP configurations dynamically, including subnet masks, default gateways, and DNS servers.



What is HSRP?

HSRP (Hot Standby Router Protocol) is a Cisco proprietary protocol designed for gateway
redundancy. It allows multiple routers to work together as a group and present themselves as a single

2

,virtual gateway to end devices. It ensures that if the primary router fails, another router in the group
takes over without any configuration changes on the devices.



What does VRRP stand for?

VRRP (Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol) is a protocol used to ensure network reliability by
allowing multiple routers to work together. In VRRP, one router is elected as the master, and the others
act as backups to provide automatic failover if the master router becomes unavailable.



What is VRRP’s virtual MAC address?

VRRP uses a virtual MAC address of the form 0000.5E00.01xx, where "xx" represents the group
number. This MAC address is used by the master router in the VRRP group to represent the virtual
gateway.



What is FHRP?

FHRP (First-Hop Redundancy Protocol) is a general term for protocols that provide redundancy for
the default gateway in a network. HSRP, VRRP, and GLBP are all examples of FHRPs, ensuring that if the
primary gateway fails, another can seamlessly take over.



What letter represents EIGRP in the show ip route command?

The letter "D" represents EIGRP (Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol) in the "show ip
route" command output, indicating routes learned via EIGRP.



What letter represents OSPF in the show ip route command?

The letter "O" represents OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) in the "show ip route" command
output, indicating routes learned via OSPF.



What letter represents directly connected routes in the show ip route command?

The letter "C" represents directly connected routes in the "show ip route" command output,
showing networks that are directly accessible by the router.



What letter represents static routes in the show ip route command?



3

, The letter "S" represents static routes in the "show ip route" command output, which are
manually configured routes.



What letter/symbol represents default routes in the show ip route command?

The "*" symbol represents default routes in the "show ip route" command output, indicating
routes used to forward packets to destinations not explicitly listed in the routing table.



What letter represents local/host-connected directly connected routes in the show ip route command?

The letter "L" represents local or host-connected directly connected routes in the "show ip route"
command output, indicating IP addresses assigned to router interfaces.



What is PAgP?

PAgP (Port Aggregation Protocol) is a Cisco proprietary protocol that allows the aggregation of
multiple Ethernet links into a single logical link to increase bandwidth. PAgP can bundle up to 8 active
ports and operates in Desirable and Auto modes to negotiate the link aggregation.



What is LLDP on a Cisco switch?

LLDP (Link Layer Discovery Protocol) is an open standard, Layer 2 discovery protocol used to share
device information between Cisco and non-Cisco devices. It helps in discovering device identities,
capabilities, and management addresses, promoting interoperability between different vendors' devices.



What is VTP?

VTP (VLAN Trunking Protocol) is a Layer 2 messaging protocol that ensures consistent VLAN
configuration across multiple Cisco switches. VTP helps manage VLAN additions, deletions, and
modifications, reducing administrative overhead.



What is CDP?

CDP (Cisco Discovery Protocol) is a proprietary Cisco protocol that enables devices to learn about
directly connected Cisco devices and their capabilities. It helps network administrators discover network
topology and configure network devices based on CDP information.



What is FlexConnect?


4

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