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Medical Terminology Exam 1/790 Questions with Answers
Medical Terminology Exam 1/790 Questions with Answers
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Medical Terminology Exam 1/790Questions with Answers
Greek and Latin word parts - -The majority of medical terms in use today are
composed of...
- Word root
Prefix
Suffix
Combining Vowel - -Most medical terms built from word parts consist of some
or all of the following components...
- A combining vowel is used if the suffix does not begin with a vowel - -When
connecting a word root and a suffix...
- A combining vowel is usually not used if the suffix begins with a vowel - -
When connecting a word root and a suffix...
- A combining vowel is usually used even if vowels are present at the
junction - -When connecting two word roots...
- A combining vowel is not used - -When connecting a prefix and a word
root...
- Word root - -the core of the word.
- Suffix - -Attached at the end of a word root to modify its meaning.
- Prefix - -Attached at the beginning of a word root to modify its meaning.
- Combining vowel - -Usually an "o" used to ease pronunciation.
- Combining form - -Word root with a combining vowel attached, separated
by a slash.
- cell - -basic unit of all living things. The human body is composed of
trillions of cells, which vary in size and shape according to function.
- cell membrane - -forms the boundary of the cell.
- cytoplasm - -gel-like fluid inside the cell.
, - nucleus - -largest structure within the cell, usually spherical and centrally
located. It contains chromosomes for cellular reproduction and is the control
center of the cell.
- chromosomes - -located in the nucleus of the cell. There are 46
chromosomes in all normal human cells, with the exception of mature sex
cells, which have 23.
- genes - -regions within the chromosome. Each chromosome has several
thousand genes that determine hereditary characteristics.
- DNA - -comprises each gene; is a genetic material that regulates the
activities of the cell
- tissues - -group of similar cells that performs a specific function.
- muscle tissue - -composed of cells that have a special ability to contract,
usually producing movement.
- nervous tissue - -found in the nerves, spinal cord, and brain. It is
responsible for coordinating and controlling body activities
- connective tissue - -connects, supports, penetrates, and encases various
body structures. Adipose, osseous tissues, and blood are types of connective
tissue.
- epithelial tissues - -the major covering of the external surface of the body;
forms membranes that line body cavities and organs and is the major tissue
in glands
- organ - -two or more kinds of tissues that together perform special body
functions. For example, the skin is an organ composed of epithelial,
connective, muscle, and nerve tissue.
- system - -group of organs that work together to perform complex body
functions. For example the cardiovascular system consists of the heart, blood
vessels, and blood. its function is to transport nutrients and oxygen to the
cells and remove carbon dioxide and other waste products.
- integumentary system - -composed of skin, nails, and glands. forms a
protective covering of the body, regulates body temperature, and helps
manufacture vitamin D.
- respiratory system - -composed of nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea,
bronchial tubes, and lungs. performs respiration which provides for the
exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide within the body.
, - urinary system - -composed of kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra.
removes waste material from the body, regulates fluid volume, and
maintains electrolyte concentration.
- reproductive system - -female reproductive system is composed of ovaries,
uterine tube, uterus vagina, and mammary glands. male reproductive
system is composed of testes, urethra, penis, prostate gland, and associates
tubes. responsible for heredity and reproduction.
- cardiovascular system - -composed of the heart and blood vessels. pumps
and transports blood throughout the body.
- lymphatic system - -composed of a network of vessels, ducts, nodes, and
organs. provides for defense against infection and drainage of extracellular
fluids.
- digestive system - -composed of the gastrointestinal tract which includes
the mouth, esophagus, stomach, large and small intestine plus accessory
organs, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas. prepares food for use by the body
cells and eliminates waste.
- musculoskeletal system - -Composed of muscle, bones, and joints. Provides
movement and framework for the body, protects vital organs such as the
brain, stores calcium, and produces red blood cells.
- nervous system - -Composed of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves.
Regulates body activities by sending and receiving messages.
- endocrine system - -Composed of glands that secrete hormones. Hormones
regulate many body activities.
- cranial cavity - -space inside the skull containing the brain.
- spinal cavity - -space inside the spinal column containing the spinal cord.
- thoracic, or cheat, cavity - -space containing the heart, aorta, lungs,
esophagus, trachea, bronchi, and mediastinal area.
- abdominal cavity - -space containing the stomach, intestine, kidneys,
adrenal glands, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen, and ureters.
- pelvic cavity - -space containing the urinary bladder, certain reproductive
organs, parts of the small and large intestine and the rectum.
- abdominopelvic cavity - -both the pelvic and abdominal cavities.
, - aden/o - -gland
- cyt/o - -cell
- epitheli/o - -epithelium
- fibr/o - -fiber
- hist/o - -tissue
- kary/o - -nucleus
- lip/o - -fat
- my/o - -muscle
- neur/o - -nerve
- organ/o - -organ
- sarc/o - -flesh, connective tissue
- system/o - -system
- viscer/o - -internal organs
- cancer/o, carcin/o - -cancer (a disease characterized by the unregulated
abdominal growth of new cells)
- eti/o - -cause (of disease)
- gno/o - -knowledge
- iatr/o - -physician, medicine (also means treatment)
- lei/o - -smooth
- onc/o - -tumor, mass
- path/o - -disease
- rhabd/o - -rod-shaped, straited
- somat/o - -body
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