Campbell Biology: Chapter 40 Test
Preparation Questions With Verified
Answers
1) When the temperature of the outside air exceeds their internal body temperature, jackrabbits
living in hot, arid lands will
A) dilate the blood vessels in their large ears to transfer more body heat to the environment.
B) constrict the blood vessels in their large ears to reduce transfer of external heat to the blood in
their ears.
C) increase motor movements to find a sunny area to maximize heat transfer into their bodies.
D) increase pigmentation in their ears, darkening them to maximize their capacity to take up
heat.
E) begin involuntary shivering of their skeletal muscles in order to generate more metabolic heat.
- Answers✔B
2) If thermoregulation is considered to be a secondary function of the large ears of jackrabbits,
then the primary function of the ears is
A) to optimize nutrient intake through the thin, permeable surfaces on the ears.
B) to alter the rate of gas exchange, based on the adjustable radius of the ears' blood vessels.
C) to detect predators by using the large size and flexible positioning of the external ears to
channel sound waves into the ear canal.
D) to protect offspring from bright sunlight by the positioning of the ears to cast the maximum
shadows.
E) to protect against pathogens by having a thick, waxy surface on the ears. - Answers✔C
3) Which choice best describes a reasonable mechanism for animal structures becoming better
suited over evolutionary time to specific functions?
A) Animals that eat the most food become the most abundant.
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
B) Animals that restrict their food intake will become less abundant.
C) Animals with mutations that give rise to effective structures will become more abundant.
D) Animals with inventions that curtail reproduction will become more abundant.
E) Animals with parents that continually improve their offspring's structures will become more
abundant. - Answers✔C
4) Penguins, seals, and tuna have body forms that permit rapid swimming, because
A) all share a common ancestor at some point in the past.
B) all of their bodies have been compressed since birth by intensive underwater pressures.
C) flying, pregnancy, and gill-breathing all require similar adaptations in form.
D) the shape is a convergent evolutionary solution to the need to reduce drag while swimming.
E) this is the only shape that will allow them to maintain a constant body temperature in water. -
Answers✔D
5) Evolutionary adaptations that help diverse animals directly exchange matter between cells and
the environment include
A) a gastrovascular activity, a two-layered body, and a torpedo-like body shape.
B) an external respiratory surface, a small body size, and a two-cell-layered body.
C) a large body volume; a long, tubular body; and a set of wings.
D) complex internal structures, a small body size, and a large surface area.
E) an unbranched internal surface, a small body size, and thick covering. - Answers✔B
6) The similar fusiform body shape of diverse animals, such as sharks, penguins, and aquatic
mammals, has evolved because
A) natural selection typically has no limits when different organisms face the same challenge.
B) respiration through gills is enhanced by having a fusiform shape.
C) this is the body shape that makes it possible for aquatic animals to swim rapidly.
D) the fusiform shape is coded by the same genes in all three types of aquatic animals.
E) all three types evolved from the same ancestral form, which flew in air rather than swam in
water. - Answers✔C
7) The specialized structures of complex animals have evolved because
A) the environment imposes identical problems regardless of where the animals are found.
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B) the development of the specialized structures in an animal is influenced by the animal's ability
to learn.
C) the simplest animals are those with the most recent appearance among the biota.
D) they permit adjustments to a wide range of environmental changes.
E) the most complex animals are the ones with the most ancient evolutionary origin. -
Answers✔D
8) All animals, whether large or small, have
A) an external body surface that is dry.
B) a basic body plan that resembles a two-layered sac.
C) a body surface covered with hair to keep them warm.
D) the ability to enter dormancy when resources become scarce.
E) each living cell in contact with an aqueous medium. - Answers✔E
9) As body size increases in animals,
A) there is a decrease in the surface-to-volume ratio.
B) reproduction becomes limited to terrestrial environments.
C) there is greater variability in metabolic rate.
D) migration to tropical areas becomes necessary for thermoregulation.
E) it becomes more difficult to conserve body warmth in cold environments. - Answers✔A
10) To increase the effectiveness of exchange surfaces lining the lungs and the intestines,
evolutionary pressures have
A) increased the exchange surface area with folds and branches.
B) increased the thickness of the membranes in these linings.
C) increased the number of cell layers in these linings.
D) decreased the metabolic rate of the cells in these linings.
E) increased the volume of the cells in these linings. - Answers✔A
11) The specialized function shared by the cells that line the lungs and those that line the lumen
of the gut is that both types of cells
A) receive their oxygen directly from inhaled air and ingested foods.
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