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GEOL 110 Exam 1 Questions And Answers 2025
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GEOL 110 Exam 1 Questions And Answers 2025
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Terms in this set (100) Q&AGEOL 110 Exam 1 Questions And
Answers 2025
Advantages of Petroleum - -Can be extracted and transported relatively
easily and
inexpensively
-Extremely versatile energy source for machine of all types (power plants,
heavy equipment, vehicles)
-Petrochemicals used in tens of thousands of products
,Terms in this set (100) Q&A
After petroleum forms, it's mobile (liquid or gas) - Must get captured by
geological 'traps'
All of the following are necessary for petroleum formation except:
A. Very long time periods (millions of yrs)
B. High temps (>100 C)
C. A salt, such as sodium chloride
D. Organic matter in the form of a plankton - C
Anthracite - -Highest grade of coal
-Because it's "cooked" at a relatively high temp, it has a relatively high
energy content and is also relatively free of pollution causing impurities
such as sulfur
At 2-4km depth , effect of temp, pressure: - -Converts sediments to black
shale, the source rock
-Converts organic matter to kerogen, the precursor of petroleum
At one time, coal provided most US energy - no more - -In our lifetime, coal
has gone from producing 50% of electricity to 30% (electricity generation
only)
-Generator retirements: environmental concerns, less expensive natural
gas, mostly older plants closing
Barrel of oil - -Refineries change crude oil into petroleum products
, Terms in this set (100) Q&A
-Lighter material used for gasoline, jet fuel
-Heavier materials used for tar, feedstock for chemicals
Burning coal produces byproducts - -Nitrogen oxides and sulfur dioxide in
particular
-Plants can be built or retrofitted to remove these ($$$)
-Also CO2
Carboniferous coal-bearing sequences - -Carboniferous Sequences in
North America are characterized by repetitive coal-bearing sequences
-Sea level fluctuations caused coming and going of coal swamps
-Pennsylvanian or upper carboniferous
Catagenesis - -Occurs at 3.5-5 km, temps of ~80-150 C
-Principal zone of oil formation
Kerogen 'cracked' to form carbon rich hydrocarbons (molecules of carbon &
hydrogen)
Change in character of coal - -Energy content primarily a function of the
carbon content
-Progression produced by increasing the temp which the coal is 'cooked' at
higher temps as it's buried more deeply
-Each of these steps involves progression loss of nitrogen & water to create
organic material w/ higher carbon & hydrogen contents & thus higher
energy contents
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