Exam (elaborations)

GENERAL BIOLOGY

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GENERAL BIOLOGY

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GENERAL BIOLOGY

Atom Fundamental building block of all matter Molecule Two or more atoms Cell Basic form of life; smallest unit of life Organ A grouping of tissues engaged in a collective task Tissue Specialized cells organized in a pattern Organelle Structure that carries out a specialized metabolic fu...

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Uploaded on January 9, 2025
Number of pages 26
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general biology

Institution GENERAL BIOLOGY
Module GENERAL BIOLOGY

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GENERAL BIOLOGY QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS A+
Atom

Fundamental building block of all matter

Molecule

Two or more atoms

Cell

Basic form of life; smallest unit of life

Organ

A grouping of tissues engaged in a collective task

Tissue

Specialized cells organized in a pattern

Organelle

Structure that carries out a specialized metabolic function within a living cell

Organ System

A set of organs engaged in a collective task that keeps the body functioning properly

Organism

Individual that consists of of one or more cells

Population

Grouping of the same species

Community

All populations of all species in a given area; looks at interaction between the species

Ecosystem

All biotic and abiotic things; a community interacting with its environment

Biosphere

All ecosystems on the planet

*Gaia Theory: planet is one big organism

Characteristics of Life

,All living things:
1) Are made up of cells *
2) Have different levels of organization
3) Obtain and convert energy from environment *
4) Respond to their environment *
5) Get larger and more complex throughout life
6) Reproduce *
7) Adapt to their environment; Homeostasis *

What is the basic unit of life in all living organisms?
The cell

What is the process by which green plants produce their food using sunlight?
Photosynthesis

Which organelle is known as the powerhouse of the cell?
Mitochondria

What is the function of ribosomes in a cell?
Protein synthesis

What is the molecule that carries genetic information in most organisms?
DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)

What is the process of converting glucose into energy called?
Cellular respiration

What is the semi-permeable structure surrounding the cell called?
Cell membrane

What is the fluid-filled space inside the cell that contains organelles called?
Cytoplasm

Which organelle is responsible for photosynthesis in plants?
Chloroplast

What is the process by which water moves across a semi-permeable membrane?
Osmosis

What term describes the movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to low concentration?
Diffusion

What are the building blocks of proteins?
Amino acids

What is the structural and functional unit of the nervous system?
Neuron

What is the name of the process by which cells divide to form identical daughter cells?
Mitosis

, What is the process by which organisms produce offspring called?
Reproduction

What is the primary pigment involved in photosynthesis?
Chlorophyll

What is the term for a group of similar cells that perform a specific function?
Tissue

What is the largest organ in the human body?
The skin

What is the name of the process by which the body maintains a stable internal environment?
Homeostasis

What are the two types of nucleic acids found in cells?
DNA and RNA

What is the term for organisms that can make their own food?
Autotrophs

What is the primary gas taken in by plants during photosynthesis?
Carbon dioxide

What is the waste product released by plants during photosynthesis?
Oxygen

What is the smallest bone in the human body?
The stapes (stirrup) in the ear

What are organisms called that depend on others for their food?
Heterotrophs

What is the main function of the red blood cells in the human body?
Transporting oxygen

What is the part of the brain responsible for coordinating voluntary movements?
Cerebellum

What is the organ responsible for filtering and purifying the blood in humans?
Kidneys

What is the molecule that acts as an energy currency in cells?
ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)

What is the main function of white blood cells?
Fighting infections and protecting the body from pathogens

What is the term for the process by which a less specialized cell becomes a more specialized cell type?
Cell differentiation

What is the protein in red blood cells that binds oxygen?
Hemoglobin

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GENERAL BIOLOGY

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