S-130 Wildland Firefighter Training
Exam Questions and Answers
List the 18 watch outs - -1. Fire not scouted and sized up
2. In country not seen in daylight
3. safety zones and escape routes not identified
4. Unfamiliar with weather and local factors influencing fire behavior
5. Uninformed on strategy, tactics, and hazards
6. Instructions and assignments not clear
7. No communication link with crew members and supervisors
8. Constructing line without a safe anchor point
9. Building fireline downhill with fire below
10. Attempting frontal assault on fire
11. Unburned fuel between you and the fire
12. Cannot see main fire; not in contact with someone who can
13. On a hillside where rolling material can ignite fuel below
14. Weather becoming hotter and drier
15. Wind increases and/or changes direction
16. Getting frequent spot fires across line
17. Terrain and fuels make escape to safety zones difficult
18. Taking a nap near fireline
- List 10 Standard Firefighting Orders - -1. Keep informed on weather
conditions and forecast
2. Know what your fire is doing at all times
3. Base all actions on current and expected behavior or the fire
4. Identify escape routes and safety zones and make them known
5. Post lookouts when there is possible danger
6. Be alert, keep calm, think clearly, and act decisively
7. Maintain prompt communications with your forces, your supervisor, and
adjoining forces
8. Give clear instructions and be sure they are understood
9. Maintain control of you forces at all times
10. Fight fire aggressively, having provided for safety first
- Identify nine parts of a fire - -(1) Origin, (2) Head, (3) Flank, (4) Rear/Heel,
(5) Perimeter, (6) Finger, (7) Pocket, (8) Island, (9) Spot Fire
- Orgin - -The location where the fire started
- Head - -Shows the direction in which the fire is burning. This is the hottest
and most active part of the fire
, - Flank - -Sides of the fire, parallel to the main direction of spread. May have
active fire, but not as hot as the head of the fire.
- Rear/Heel - -Opposite the head of the fire and burning less vigorously, if at
all. Often near the fire origin.
- Perimeter - -Boundary of the fire or fire edge. May not have active fire on
some portions.
- Finger - -An area, usually a narrow strip, that burns away from the main
part of the fire. Could be dangerous if personnel working the fire are flanked
by a finger.
- Pocket - -Unburned area between the main fire and any fingers.
- Island - -Area of unburned fuel inside the fire perimeter.
- Spot Fire - -Burning area outside the main fire perimeter, often caused by
wind blown embers or rolling debris.
- Name nine fire behavior terms - -(1) Smoldering, (2) Creeping, (3)
Running, (4) Backing, (5) Spotting, (6) Torching, (7) Crowning, (8) Blowup
- Smoldering - -Fire burning without flame and barely spreading
- Creeping - -Fire burning with a low flame and spreading slowly
- Running - -Fire spreading rapidly with a well-defined head.
- Backing - -Fire moving away from the head downhill, or against the wind
- Spotting - -Sparks or embers produced by the main fire that are carried by
winds or convection columns.
- Torching - -Fire burning on the surface, but periodically igniting the crown
of a single or small group of trees or shrubs before returning to the surface.
Although sometimes confused with crowning this behavior is not as serious
as a crown fire.
- Crowning - -Fire that advances across tops of trees or shrubs more or less
independent of surface fire. High fire intensity and high forward rate of
spread. Use crown fire or crowning with care because it describes a very
serious fire situation.
- Blowup - -Sudden increase in fire intensity or rate of spread of a fire
sufficient to preclude direct control or to upset existing suppression plans.
Exam Questions and Answers
List the 18 watch outs - -1. Fire not scouted and sized up
2. In country not seen in daylight
3. safety zones and escape routes not identified
4. Unfamiliar with weather and local factors influencing fire behavior
5. Uninformed on strategy, tactics, and hazards
6. Instructions and assignments not clear
7. No communication link with crew members and supervisors
8. Constructing line without a safe anchor point
9. Building fireline downhill with fire below
10. Attempting frontal assault on fire
11. Unburned fuel between you and the fire
12. Cannot see main fire; not in contact with someone who can
13. On a hillside where rolling material can ignite fuel below
14. Weather becoming hotter and drier
15. Wind increases and/or changes direction
16. Getting frequent spot fires across line
17. Terrain and fuels make escape to safety zones difficult
18. Taking a nap near fireline
- List 10 Standard Firefighting Orders - -1. Keep informed on weather
conditions and forecast
2. Know what your fire is doing at all times
3. Base all actions on current and expected behavior or the fire
4. Identify escape routes and safety zones and make them known
5. Post lookouts when there is possible danger
6. Be alert, keep calm, think clearly, and act decisively
7. Maintain prompt communications with your forces, your supervisor, and
adjoining forces
8. Give clear instructions and be sure they are understood
9. Maintain control of you forces at all times
10. Fight fire aggressively, having provided for safety first
- Identify nine parts of a fire - -(1) Origin, (2) Head, (3) Flank, (4) Rear/Heel,
(5) Perimeter, (6) Finger, (7) Pocket, (8) Island, (9) Spot Fire
- Orgin - -The location where the fire started
- Head - -Shows the direction in which the fire is burning. This is the hottest
and most active part of the fire
, - Flank - -Sides of the fire, parallel to the main direction of spread. May have
active fire, but not as hot as the head of the fire.
- Rear/Heel - -Opposite the head of the fire and burning less vigorously, if at
all. Often near the fire origin.
- Perimeter - -Boundary of the fire or fire edge. May not have active fire on
some portions.
- Finger - -An area, usually a narrow strip, that burns away from the main
part of the fire. Could be dangerous if personnel working the fire are flanked
by a finger.
- Pocket - -Unburned area between the main fire and any fingers.
- Island - -Area of unburned fuel inside the fire perimeter.
- Spot Fire - -Burning area outside the main fire perimeter, often caused by
wind blown embers or rolling debris.
- Name nine fire behavior terms - -(1) Smoldering, (2) Creeping, (3)
Running, (4) Backing, (5) Spotting, (6) Torching, (7) Crowning, (8) Blowup
- Smoldering - -Fire burning without flame and barely spreading
- Creeping - -Fire burning with a low flame and spreading slowly
- Running - -Fire spreading rapidly with a well-defined head.
- Backing - -Fire moving away from the head downhill, or against the wind
- Spotting - -Sparks or embers produced by the main fire that are carried by
winds or convection columns.
- Torching - -Fire burning on the surface, but periodically igniting the crown
of a single or small group of trees or shrubs before returning to the surface.
Although sometimes confused with crowning this behavior is not as serious
as a crown fire.
- Crowning - -Fire that advances across tops of trees or shrubs more or less
independent of surface fire. High fire intensity and high forward rate of
spread. Use crown fire or crowning with care because it describes a very
serious fire situation.
- Blowup - -Sudden increase in fire intensity or rate of spread of a fire
sufficient to preclude direct control or to upset existing suppression plans.
