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A-level Geography Globalisation Case Studies
- Module
- Globalisation
- Institution
- PEARSON (PEARSON)
In-depth a-level geography case studies for globalisation
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GLOBALISATION, CONTAINERISATION
The creation of containers= allowed people to import and export from different places in less time.
➔ Lower costs per tonne ($0.16)
➔ More can be loaded = ships got bigger
➔ More efficient= import + export more in less time
➔ Ports became bigger
➔ Increase productivity
➔ Process is easily mechanised= containers are unloaded by crane
➔ Fewer losses to theft
➔ Fewer dock workers needed= (decreased the number of strikes)
EASY JET
➔ Founded by Sir Stellios Haji-loannuo in 1995
➔ Most of Europe’s major cities are now interconnected via easyJet’s cheap flight network
➔ At the start, the airline had just 2 aircrafts but in 2014, they owned around 300 flight routes +
200 aircrafts
➔ Carried 65 millions people to their destinations in 2014
➔ Places EasyJet adds to its flight networks immediately become switched-on ( e.g. Tallinn in
Estonia)
, WORLD TRADE ORGANISATION
Deals with the flow of goods and services
➔ Headquarters = in Geneva, Switzerland
➔ Supervises + liberalise international trade, promoting free trade + the ending of protectionism
➔ Asks countries to remove tariffs/ taxes on foreign imports + subsidies to domestic products=
free trade
➔ To receive international loans the country must agree to WTO
➔ Exposes home grown products to foreign competitors - If foreign goods are cheaper + high
quality= firms in the country are out of business
➔ Can help to ensure that food products are only traded if they are safe through its sanitary
regulations
➔ Not equal - USA has one of the highest subsidies farming industries in the world
➔ Regulations set can encourage poor countries to specialise when they need to diversify
THE INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Deals with the flow of capital
➔ Channels loans from rich nations to countries that apply for help= recipients agree to run free
market economies open to outside investment - TNCs enter these countries easily + promote
globalisation
➔ Formed in 1944 (USA) to stabilise currencies- 44 governments joined
➔ Rules + regulations= controversial- financial conditions = required to cut back on healthcare,
education, sanitation + housing programmes (SAPs)
➔ Members are not equal + voting rights are proportional to the amount of money invested into
the fund
WORLD BANK
Deals with the flow of capital
➔ Lends money on a global scale (headquarters in Washington DC)
➔ Aim to achieve Millenium Development Goals in a bid = eliminate poverty + implement
sustainable development - open up to FDI
➔ Distributed US$ 65 billion in loans + grants in 2014- impose conditions on its loans
➔ Gained a bad reputation (1970s+80s)= projects that were environmentally damaging or
beyond the ability of developing countries to repay
➔ Power lies within the hands of the wealthiest countries
➔ SAPs imposed
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