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Some examples from this set of practice questions
1.
What is an immune response?
Answer: Is the body\'s reaction to a foreign antigen.
2.
What are antigens?
Answer: Antigens are molecules (usually proteins or polysaccharides) found on the surface of cells.
3.
Explain the stages of Phagocytosis
Answer: - A phagocyte recognises the antigens on a pathogen. - They cytoplasm of the phagocyte moves round the pathogen, engulfing it. This may be made easier by the presence of opsonins. - The pathogen is now contained in a phagosome ( a type of vesicle) in the cytoplasm of the phagocyte. - A lysosome (an organism that contains digestive enzymes) fuses with the phagosome. The enzymes break down the pathogen. - The phagocyte then presents the pathogen\'s antigens. It sticks the antigens on it\'s surface to activate other immune system cells. When a phagocyte does this it is acting as an antigen-presenting cell (APC).
4.
What are Opsonins?
Answer: Molecules in the blood that attach to foreign antigens to aid phagocytosis.
5.
What are Neutrophils?
Answer: A type of phagocyte.
6.
What do Neutrophils do?
Answer: They\'re the first white blood cells to respond to a pathogen inside the body. Neutrophils move towards a wound in response to signals from cytokines. The cytokines are released by cells at the site of the wound.
7.
What are cytokines?
Answer: Proteins that act as messenger molecules.
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