Raas mechanism - Study guides, Revision notes & Summaries

PAEA Emergency Medicine EOR Exam Study Guide. what is the most common cause of heart failure? specifically left sided? right sided? - - MC is CAD (coronary artery disease) -L sided: *CAD* & HTN -R sided: *L sided HF* & pulmonary dz decreased ejection fraction, thin ventricular walls, dilated LV chamber, and an S3 gallop (filling of dilated ventricle) is associated with systolic or diastolic heart failure? - systolic (MC form of CHF) *(the sound is actually heard in the diastole though) ...

Pathophysiology Exam 1 Rasmussen Questions and Answers | Latest Update | 2024/2025 | 100% Pass What mechanisms lead to cellular adaptation in response to stressors? Cellular adaptation occurs through processes like hypertrophy, hyperplasia, atrophy, and metaplasia, allowing cells to adjust to changes in their environment and maintain function. In what ways can oxidative stress contribute to disease development? Oxidative stress results from an imbalance between free radicals and a...

what is the most common cause of heart failure? specifically left sided? right sided? - correct answer -MC is CAD (coronary artery disease) -L sided: *CAD* & HTN -R sided: *L sided HF* & pulmonary dz decreased ejection fraction, thin ventricular walls, dilated LV chamber, and an S3 gallop (filling of dilated ventricle) is associated with systolic or diastolic heart failure? - correct answer systolic (MC form of CHF) *(the sound is actually heard in the diastole though) -memory trick: ...

Sign vs Symptom A sign is objective, meaning it is what you observe. A symptom is subjective, meaning it is what the patient tells you what they feel. The four components of Pathophysiology etiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, treatment implications Homeostasis A tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state; the regulation of any aspect of body chemistry, such as blood glucose, around a particular level How is fluid between interstitial and intr...

Renal: Mechanism, presentation and diagnostic tests of - GFR = sum of GFRs in all functioning nephrons, so  # of functional nephrons =  GFR - BP in glomerular capillaries > BP in Bowman’s space ( Hydrostatic pressure gradient) - Renal auto-regulation to preserve GFR when BP/Volume drops: RAAS activated → dilutss Afferent (Approaching) arteriole dilates to increase perfusion to nephron, and Efferent (Exiting) arteriole constricts so less blood leaves nephron - Estimating...

What are the characteristics of left sided heart failure? • Inability of left ventricle to empty adequately during systole or fill adequately during diastole • Blood backs up into the pulmonary system causing pulmonary congestions and edema • Systolic - Inability to pump blood forward because of impaired contraction, decreased ejection fraction = decrease CO and backup • Diastolic = Impaired ability of the ventricles to relax and fill during diastole, LV hypertrophy = decreased CO and ba...

Cardiac output = - CO + HR x stroke volume (amount of blood ejected per contraction) Primary compensatory mechanism of low Cardiac output in peds? Other signs? - Tachycardia -- Peds are unable to increase stroke volume. Hypotension is a late sign, and bradycardia is an ominous sign in peds. Stroke Volume is influenced by... - Contractility, preload, and afterload. Frank-Starling's Law -- Stretch heart with volume to increase contractility (rubber band snapping shut) Preload is eval...

MU NURS 615: Advanced Pharm - Exam 4 Review (2023/2024) Already Passed What is tiotropium? (Spiriva) Tiotropium bromide (INN) is a long-standing, 24 hour, anticholinergic bronchodilator used in the management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, (COPD). What is tiotropium used for maintenance treatment of? COPD, which includes chronic bronchitis and emphysema. Tiotropium is not used in the treatment for acute exacerbations of COPD and bronchitis Tiotropium is a muscarinic receptor antago...

RAAS (RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN-ALDOSTERONE SYSTEM) STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS 1. The nurse who administers spironolactone to a patient with heart failure should recognize that it promotes improvement by what mechanism? it blocks the action of aldosterone 2. The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system plays an important role in maintaining blood pressure. Which compound in this system is most powerful at raising blood pressure? Angiotensin II 3. The nurse is reviewing medication records of se...

Med/Surg Endocrine Exam Questions and Answers 100% Pass What is the function of Growth Hormone (GH)? - Answer- Controls growth and metabolism in the body. What is the pathway for the production of GH? - Answer- GH (Hypothalamus) -> GH (Ant Pit) What is the function of Prolactin? - Answer- Promotes lactation primarily. What factors control the levels of Prolactin? - Answer- Levels are controlled by dopamine, estrogen, and other hormones. What is the function of ADH (Antidiuretic Hormo...