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The sections on waves, optics, acoustics, resonators, and statics benefited particularly from interactions with Professors Kong and Haus, Ippen and Bers, Stevens and Peake, Smullin, and Haus and Zahn, respectively. Scott Bressler and Laura von Bosau have been particularly helpful in reducing the graphics and text to the printed page. This is a preliminary version of the final text and therefore any comments on content or potential additions or corrections would be appreciated.

Thermodynamics is the science that seeks to predict the amount of energy needed to bring about a change of state of a system from one equilibrium state to another. While thermodynamics tells us nothing about the mechanisms of energy transfer, rates of change, and time associated with a system changing from one equilibrium state to another, it is still the lynch-pin that allow us to answer these questions.

Maleic anhydride (MA) is classified as a commodity chemical with global production in excess of 1.5 million tons per year [1, 9]. It is primarily used in the manufacture of polyester resins for commercial applications in construction, marine, automotive, textiles, and consumer products applications. It is also widely used as a chemical precursor in the agricultural and chemicals industries, as well as in the food, consumer goods, and personal care products industries. MA was first produce...

Process controls is a mixture between the statistics and engineering discipline that deals with the mechanism, architectures, and algorithms for controlling a process. Some examples of controlled processes are: • Controlling the temperature of a water stream by controlling the amount of steam added to the shell of a heat exchanger. • Operating a jacketed reactor isothermally by controlling the mixture of cold water and steam that flows through the jacket of a jacketed reactor. • Mai...

Concisely natural justice means: The inherent right of a person to a fair and just treatment in the hand of rulers, their agents and other persons.  It embodies principles that facilitate good administrative practice.  For instance, the two rules of natural justice that a man cannot sit on his own case (Nemo Judex in Causa Sua) and that no man can be condemned unheard (Audi Alterem Partem).  Example: a taxi driver cannot be deprived of his licence to operate at an Airport beca...

Concisely natural justice means: The inherent right of a person to a fair and just treatment in the hand of rulers, their agents and other persons.  It embodies principles that facilitate good administrative practice.  For instance, the two rules of natural justice that a man cannot sit on his own case (Nemo Judex in Causa Sua) and that no man can be condemned unheard (Audi Alterem Partem).  Example: a taxi driver cannot be deprived of his licence to operate at an Airport beca...

Concisely natural justice means: The inherent right of a person to a fair and just treatment in the hand of rulers, their agents and other persons.  It embodies principles that facilitate good administrative practice.  For instance, the two rules of natural justice that a man cannot sit on his own case (Nemo Judex in Causa Sua) and that no man can be condemned unheard (Audi Alterem Partem).  Example: a taxi driver cannot be deprived of his licence to operate at an Airport beca...

Animals. We live with them, worship them, consume them, admire them, fear them, love them, care for them, and depend on them. They are part of our sustenance, our sociology, and our day-to-day lives. Because they are so important to us, we also study them and apply what we learn to improve their lives and enhance their roles in our lives. The branch of science that deals with domestic animals is animal science, which is the topic of this book. Much of our use for animals revolves around t...

In addition to engaging in observation, you will be exploring the internal and external anatomy of a variety of animals. There are a few dissecting tools that you will be provided with that will be useful in your examination of the organisms we will be working with. These include: scissors with at least one sharp tip, forceps, a scalpel with replaceable blades, dissecting needles, and a blunt nose probe. These are all basic instruments that will be provided to every group of four students o...

The lessons presented in this module on animal diversity are based on the social constructivist theory of learning. Learners construct their own understanding and develop their own skills, both individually and as part of a peer group. The activities presented here will help you, but a large part of the responsibility rests on you, in the aim of fostering learner empowerment. This module is divided into four learning units: General Characteristics of Animals, Evolutionary Trends in Animals...