Module 2: Introduction To Quantitative Chemistry SOLUTION 2024 EDITION GUARANTEED GRADE A+

chemical reaction the process by which one or more substances change to produce one or more different substances Stoichiometry The calculation of quantities in chemical reactions QQR method (Quantity, quantity, ratio) is the link between maths and science. The ratio of calculation/measurement = the 1st quantity DIVIDED BY the 2nd quantity. Density mass/volume quantitiative results reported in NUMBERS data can be counted and analyzed by descriptive or inferential statistics Qualititive A measure by the quality of something (explanations/words) rather than its quantity. Reactants A substance that takes part in and undergoes change during a reaction. Products The elements or compounds produced by a chemical reaction. Law of Conservation of Mass Matter is not created nor destroyed in any chemical or physical change Chemical bonds are energy relationships between electrons of reacting atoms Relative atomic mass The measure of the mass of one atom of an atom (nucleon number) (RAM) Relative molecular mass The weighted mean mass of a molecule compared with one-twelfth of the mass of an atom of carbon-12. (The relative molecular mass of a compound is the sum of the relative atomic masses of the atoms as given in the molecular formula.) (RMM) Relative formula mass Relative formula mass is the sum of the relative atomic masses of the atomic species as given in the stated formula of the compound. Sometimes also called molecular weight. (units for RAM and RMM) limiting reagent any reactant that is used up first in a chemical reaction; it determines the amount of product that can be formed in the reaction Stoichiometry The calculation of quantities in chemical reactions mole 6.022 x 10²³ particles of an element percentage composition the percentage by mass of each element in a compound in excess reagent the reactant that is not completely used up in a reaction Equilibrium a state in which opposing forces or influences are balanced. Solute A substance that is dissolved in a solution. Solvent A liquid substance capable of dissolving other substances Suspension A mixture in which particles can be seen and easily separated by settling or filtration Molarity the number of moles of solute per liter of solution Absolute 0 - Kelvin Scale Absolute 0 - atoms have as little kinetic energy as possible Absolute 0 = -273.15°C 50 Kelvin = -223.15°C CONTINUED...